{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:36:16Z","timestamp":1787016976664,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOST 108-2410-H-182-011-SS3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 108-2410-H-182-011-SS3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NSC 102-2511-S-039-001-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC 102-2511-S-039-001-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Because work and educational environments are closely related and can affect each other, this study examined whether medical students\u2019 negative perceptions of their colleagues\u2019 work\u2013life balance (NWLB) during their clinical rotations would be related to burn-out in clerkships and investigated the effect of students\u2019 gender on this relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A longitudinal, prospective 2-year cohort study conducted between September 2013 and April 2015.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical students from a university school of medicine in Taiwan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One voluntary cohort of undergraduate medical students in clerkships was invited to participate. Among 190 medical students recruited in September 2013, a total of 124 students provided written informed consent. Participants were free to decide whether to complete each survey; therefore, varying numbers of responses were obtained during the study period. Those who responded to our survey for more than 6 months were included in our analyses. Overall, 2128 responses from 94 medical students were analysed, with each student providing an average of 23 responses for 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Burn-out was measured using the Professional Quality of Life Scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study found that a strong NWLB was related to high burn-out levels among medical students during their clerkships (p&lt;0.001). However, the gender of the student had no effect on this relationship (p&gt;0.05). In addition, our study indicated that medical students living with a companion had decreased burn-out levels than did those living alone during their clerkships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The significance of policies promoting employee work\u2013life balance should be emphasised because of the potential for social contagion effects on medical students. Clerkship trainees might be vulnerable to such negative contagion effects during the transition to their early clinical workplace training and may, therefore, require advanced socialisation and mentoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T23:31:27Z","timestamp":1633822287000},"page":"e049672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Relationship between medical students\u2019 negative perceptions of colleagues\u2019 work\u2013life and burn-out during clerkships: a longitudinal observational cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yung Kai","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7534-9643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blossom Yen-Ju","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Humanities and Social Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Der","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1266-1423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Der-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31-81d7427c"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2392563"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.3","first-page":"292","article-title":"Social information processing and job characteristics: a simultaneous test of two theories with implications for job satisfaction","volume":"26","author":"Pollock","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Commun Res"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/228667"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.5","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Generational differences in work values: leisure and extrinsic values increasing, social and intrinsic values decreasing","volume":"36","author":"Twenge","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Manage"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.6","unstructured":"National Chamber Foundation . The millennial generation. research review, 2012. Available: www.uschamberfoundation.org\/sites\/default\/files\/article\/foundation\/MillennialGeneration.pdf [Accessed 14 Mar 2016]."},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2018.1530558"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-015-9620-2","article-title":"At the precipice: a prospective exploration of medical students' expectations of the pre-clerkship to clerkship transition","volume":"21","author":"Soo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1557857"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2013.823384","article-title":"Exploring the ideas and expectations of German medical students towards career choices and the speciality of psychiatry","volume":"25","author":"Baller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.11","first-page":"231","article-title":"Specialty preferences and motivating factors: a national survey on medical students from five uae medical schools","volume":"29","author":"Abdulrahman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Educ Health"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2014.13932","article-title":"Medical students' career expectations and interest in opting for a surgical career","volume":"144","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-12-25"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2014.03.005","article-title":"Attitudes, motivators, and barriers to a career in surgery: a national study of U.K. undergraduate medical students","volume":"71","author":"Sutton","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Surg Educ"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-015-0287-z","article-title":"Factors influencing medical school graduates toward a career in psychiatry: analysis from the 2011-2013 association of American medical colleges graduation questionnaire","volume":"40","author":"Wilbanks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3527-7","article-title":"Importance of work-life balance among German medical students who wish to become gynecologists","volume":"291","author":"Kasch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018462"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/PY10056"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2146"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3181eabd06"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-013-0583-8","article-title":"Work-Life balance of female versus male surgeons in Hong Kong based on findings of a questionnaire designed by a Japanese surgeon","volume":"44","author":"Kwong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009873003677","article-title":"A qualitative analysis of the transition from theory to practice in undergraduate training in a PBL-Medical school","volume":"5","author":"Prince","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2010.03755.x"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2018.1457213"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.08.006"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2018-0116","article-title":"Predictors of quality of life in Brazilian medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Solis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.12927"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.52.4.710"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872675400700202"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017885"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2010.542808"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.32","first-page":"149","article-title":"[Working environment and educational environment are two sides of the same coin]","volume":"176","author":"Kannegaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691610388768"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032681"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-162257"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1928","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006497","article-title":"Age and sex differences in burnout, career satisfaction, and well-being in US neurologists","volume":"91","author":"LaFaver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.37","article-title":"Work-home balance in two cohorts of Norwegian doctors","volume":"139","author":"Hertzberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2554-z","article-title":"The relationship between working conditions and self-rated health among medical doctors: evidence from seven waves of the medicine in Australia balancing employment and life (MABEL) survey","volume":"17","author":"Milner","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3183"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013897"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.5403.2b71","article-title":"Gendered career considerations consolidate from the start of medical education","volume":"5","author":"Alers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Med Educ"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/S40037-014-0149-5","article-title":"Speciality preferences in Dutch medical students influenced by their anticipation on family responsibilities","volume":"3","author":"Alers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perspect Med Educ"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-016-0742-x","article-title":"Training demands on clerk burnout: determining whether achievement goal motivation orientations matter","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0021-9010.81.4.400"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.45","unstructured":"Stamm BH . Professional quality of life: compassion satisfaction and fatigue version 5 (ProQOL), 2009. Available: http:\/\/www.proqol.org\/ProQol_Test.html"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.46","unstructured":"Stamm BH . The Concise ProQOL manual. Pocatello, ID: ProQOL.org, 2010. Available: http:\/\/www.proqol.org\/ProQOl_Test_Manuals.html"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.108206","article-title":"Compassion fatigue and burnout amongst clinicians: a medical exploratory study","volume":"34","author":"Bhutani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-4015-2-31","article-title":"Compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among family physicians in the Negev area - a cross-sectional study","volume":"2","author":"El-Bar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Isr J Health Policy Res"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061526"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6920-14-96","article-title":"Show what you know and deal with stress yourself: a qualitative interview study of medical interns' perceptions of stress and gender","volume":"14","author":"Verdonk","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.12247"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-016-0553-0","article-title":"Influence of clerks' personality on their burnout in the clinical workplace: a longitudinal observation","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S276938"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428104263672"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.55","first-page":"135","article-title":"Contextual, ecological and organizational variations in risk-adjusted COPD and asthma hospitalization rates of rural Medicare beneficiaries","volume":"34","author":"Wan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Sociol Health Care"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cku010"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2985"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2008.030734"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.59","article-title":"How to add more \"family\" to the work-life-balance? - family friendliness in medical under- and postgraduate studies and the workplace","volume":"29","author":"De Ridder","year":"2012","journal-title":"GMS Z Med Ausbild"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205427041453655","DOI":"10.1177\/2054270414536552","article-title":"Choosing a career in paediatrics: do trainees' views change over the first year of specialty training?","volume":"5","author":"Goodyear","year":"2014","journal-title":"JRSM Open"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.13769","article-title":"Perceived utility and relevance of intern well-being sessions","volume":"48","author":"Ward","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2012.04.002"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.63","first-page":"327","article-title":"The career expectations of medical students: findings of a nationwide survey in Germany","volume":"109","author":"Gibis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-020-00474-y","article-title":"Why do graduates choose to work in a less attractive specialty? A cross-sectional study on the role of personal values and expectations","volume":"18","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-020-00402-8","article-title":"Prevalence of depression and anxiety and correlations between depression, anxiety, family functioning, social support and coping styles among Chinese medical students","volume":"8","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.66","unstructured":"Leech NL , Barrett KC , Morgan GA . SPSS for intermediate statistics use and interpretation. 2nd Ed. Mahwah, New Jersey. USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, 2005."},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447003000308"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.62704\/10057\/17539","article-title":"Deciding on the ratio of the number of subjects to number of variable in factor analysis","volume":"6","author":"Baggaley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Multivariate Expe Cli Res"},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.69","unstructured":"Marasculio LA , Levin JR . Multivariate Statistics in the Social Sciences. Monterey, CA: Brooks\/Cole, 1983."},{"key":"2025121510562076000_11.10.e049672.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-012-1784-9","article-title":"The attitude and perceptions of work-life balance: a comparison among women surgeons in Japan, USA, and Hong Kong China","volume":"37","author":"Kawase","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Surg"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049672","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T18:56:32Z","timestamp":1765824992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049672","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}}}