{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T09:32:16Z","timestamp":1793093536485,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626566400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Washington Global Innovation Fund","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005815","name":"Firland Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005815","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Arthur Rosenfeld Endowment for Pediatric Pulmonary Fellows","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5K12HL137940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K12HL137940"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mobile health tools have potential to improve the diagnosis and management of acute lower respiratory illnesses (ALRI), a leading cause of paediatric mortality worldwide. The objectives were to evaluate health workers\u2019 perceptions of acceptability, usability and feasibility of Acute Lower Respiratory Illness Treatment and Evaluation (ALRITE), a novel mobile health tool to help frontline health workers diagnose, treat and provide education about ALRI in children &lt;5 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A qualitative study including semistructured interviews with health facility administrators and focus groups with primary care health workers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two federally funded Ugandan primary care health facilities, one peri-urban and one rural.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We enrolled 3 health administrators and 28 health workers (clinical officers and nurses).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The ALRITE smartphone application was developed to help frontline health workers adhere to ALRI guidelines and differentiate wheezing illnesses from pneumonia in children under 5 years of age. ALRITE contains a simple decision tree, a partially automated respiratory rate counter, educational videos and an adapted respiratory assessment score to determine bronchodilator responsiveness. We performed a demonstration of ALRITE for participants at the beginning of interviews and focus groups. No participant had used ALRITE prior.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Themes impacting the potential implementation of ALRITE were organised using individual-level, clinic-level and health-system level determinants. Individual-level determinants were acceptability and perceived benefit, usability, provider needs and provider\u2013patient relationship. Clinic-level determinants were limited resources and integration within the health centre. Systems-level determinants included medication shortages and stakeholder engagement.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Incorporation of these themes will ready ALRITE for field testing. Early engagement of end users provides insights critical to the development of tailored mHealth decision support tools.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T10:50:46Z","timestamp":1626691846000},"page":"e049708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Health workers\u2019 perspectives of a mobile health tool to improve diagnosis and management of paediatric acute respiratory illnesses in Uganda: a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7904-4249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Elizabeth","family":"Ellington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Najjingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Rosenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W","family":"Stout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A","family":"Farquhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Vashistha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget","family":"Nekesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaituni","family":"Namiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agatha J","family":"Kruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Nantanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101813112761000_11.7.e049708.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61698-6"},{"key":"2025101813112761000_11.7.e049708.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31575-6"},{"key":"2025101813112761000_11.7.e049708.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60222-6"},{"key":"2025101813112761000_11.7.e049708.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23030"},{"key":"2025101813112761000_11.7.e049708.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30408-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national estimates of pneumonia morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years between 2000 and 2015: a systematic analysis","volume":"7","author":"McAllister","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2025101813112761000_11.7.e049708.6","unstructured":"IHME . 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