{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T17:23:39Z","timestamp":1782926619890,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649980800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019YFC1712100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC1712100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postoperative ileus (POI) is an inevitable complication of almost all abdominal surgeries, which results in prolonged hospitalisation and increased healthcare costs. Various treatment strategies have been developed for POI but with limited success. Electroacupuncture (EA) might be a potential therapy for POI. However, evidence from rigorous trials that evaluated the effectiveness of EA for POI is limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine whether EA can safely reduce the time to the first defecation after laparoscopic surgery in patients with POI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This multicentre randomised sham-controlled trial will be conducted in four hospitals in China. A total of 248 eligible participants with colorectal cancer who will undergo laparoscopic surgery will be randomly allocated to an EA group and a sham EA group in a 1:1 ratio. Treatment will be performed starting on postoperative day 1 and continued for four consecutive days, once per day. If the participant is discharged within 4\u2009days after surgery, the treatment will cease on the day of discharge. The primary outcome will be the time to first defecation. The secondary outcome measures will include time to first flatus, tolerability of semiliquid and solid food, length of postoperative hospital stay, postoperative nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension, postoperative pain, postoperative analgesic, time to first ambulation, blinding assessment, credibility and expectancy and readmission rate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (number 2020BZHYLL0116) and the institutional review board of each hospital. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. This study protocol (V.3.0, 6 March 2020) involves human participants and was approved by the ethics committees of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (number 2020BZHYLL0116), Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University (number 2020-P2-069-01), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University (number 2020-3-11-2), National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (number 20\/163-2359), and the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (number QYFYKYLL711311920). The participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ChiCTR2000038444.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T11:31:21Z","timestamp":1650022281000},"page":"e050000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Electroacupuncture versus sham electroacupuncture in the treatment of postoperative ileus after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer: study protocol for a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Gang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao-Shen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian Feng","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu Lu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Qiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8834-2085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangxia","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8693-5530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi-Yan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7031-3446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing-Wen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8031-5667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cun-Zhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1677003","article-title":"Postoperative ileus","volume":"32","author":"Harnsberger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Colon Rectal Surg"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2016_108","article-title":"Postoperative ileus: pathophysiology, current therapeutic approaches","volume":"239","author":"Stakenborg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2016.08.010","article-title":"Postoperative ileus: pathophysiology, incidence, and prevention","volume":"153","author":"Venara","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Visc Surg"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13862","article-title":"The clinical and economical impact of postoperative ileus in patients undergoing colorectal surgery","volume":"32","author":"Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2012.01.010","article-title":"Pathogenesis and clinical and economic consequences of postoperative ileus","volume":"92","author":"Doorly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.01.95","article-title":"Early oral nutrition improves postoperative ileus through the TRPA1\/CCK1-R-mediated mast cell-nerve axis","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-015-2877-1","article-title":"Postoperative Ileus--More than Just Prolonged Length of Stay?","volume":"19","author":"Tevis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000407"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12307"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.04.006","article-title":"Risk factors, additional length of stay, and cost associated with postoperative ileus following anterior lumbar interbody fusion in elderly patients","volume":"115","author":"Horowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpsurg.2005.10.003"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.12","first-page":"CD012111","article-title":"Alvimopan for recovery of bowel function after radical cystectomy","volume":"5","author":"Sultan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10781","article-title":"Postoperative ileus following major colorectal surgery","volume":"105","author":"Chapman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.134"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1159\/000496431","article-title":"Effect of caffeine intake on postoperative ileus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Gkegkes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Surg"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39801","article-title":"Electroacupuncture treatment partly promotes the recovery time of postoperative ileus by activating the vagus nerve but not regulating local inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13393","article-title":"Electroacupuncture treatments for gut motility disorders","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2010.03.007"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2015-010941"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2178610"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2019.08.034","article-title":"Electroacupuncture or transcutaneous electroacupuncture for postoperative ileus after abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.10.050","article-title":"Electroacupuncture reduces duration of postoperative ileus after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer","volume":"144","author":"Ng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-154-4-201102150-00016","article-title":"Consort 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomized trials","volume":"154","author":"Bian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000261"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chinese consensus and clinical guidelines for enhanced recovery after surgery (2018 editon)","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Practical Surgery"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.121108"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/672508"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12602","article-title":"Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture via chronically implanted electrodes on stress-induced gastric hypersensitivity in rats with neonatal treatment of iodoacetamide","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.7220","article-title":"Effect of electroacupuncture on urinary leakage among women with stress urinary incontinence: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"317","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003145"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1455"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90095-3"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37826","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy of simo decoction and acupuncture or chewing gum alone on postoperative ileus in colorectal cancer resection: a randomized trial","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001968","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial comparing efficacy of Simo decoction and acupuncture or chewing gum alone on postoperative ileus in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy","volume":"94","author":"You","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1159\/000369529","article-title":"Clinical endpoint, early detection, and differential diagnosis of postoperative ileus: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"54","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Surg Res"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-3051-3","article-title":"Efficacy of acupuncture versus sham acupuncture for postprandial distress syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7916(00)00012-4"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-11-149","article-title":"Unplanned readmission rates, length of hospital stay, mortality, and medical costs of ten common medical conditions: a retrospective analysis of Hong Kong hospital data","volume":"11","author":"Wong","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/00019514-200604000-00003","article-title":"Readmission data for outcomes measurement: identifying and strengthening the empirical base","volume":"15","author":"Landrum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Manag Health Care"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13808","article-title":"Effects of electroacupuncture on the intestinal motility and local inflammation are modulated by acupoint selection and stimulation frequency in postoperative ileus mice","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7231","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.910817","article-title":"Laparoscopic surgery within an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol reduced postoperative ileus by increasing postoperative Treg levels in patients with right-side colon carcinoma","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12952","article-title":"Comparison of acupuncture on specific and non-specific points for the treatment of painful temporomandibular disorders: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"\u015een","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.2407","article-title":"Acupuncture as adjunctive therapy for chronic stable angina: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"179","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04979.x"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.110551"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318293ee55","article-title":"Identification of clinical outcome measures for recovery of gastrointestinal motility in postoperative ileus","volume":"259","author":"van Bree","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2008.0356"},{"key":"2025101811254577000_12.4.e050000.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-2880","article-title":"Effect of acupuncture for postprandial distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"172","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T18:25:57Z","timestamp":1760811957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050000","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}}}