{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T10:35:18Z","timestamp":1782902118117,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to determine the cross-sectional association between long working hours and gastritis diagnosed by endoscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Large university hospitals in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Workers in formal employment who underwent a comprehensive health examination at the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Total Healthcare Centre clinics in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea, between January 2011 and December 2018. Of the 386\u2009488 participants, 168\u2009391 full-time day workers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Primary outcome measure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endoscopic gastritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The participants were predominantly college graduates or above (88.9%), male (71.2%) and in their 30s (51.1%), and the median age was 36 (IQR 31\u201342). Approximately 93.2% of participants had positive endoscopic gastritis, and there was a significant association between working hours and positive findings of endoscopic gastritis. The multivariate fully adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) of endoscopic gastritis for participants working &gt;55\u2009hours per week compared with 35\u201340\u2009hours per week was 1.011 (95% CI 1.007 to 1.015). Furthermore, endoscopic findings were classified into nine subtypes of gastritis, including superficial gastritis, erosive gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and haemorrhagic gastritis increased with longer working hours (p for trends &lt;0.05). Their PRs for participants working &gt;55\u2009hours per week compared with 35\u201340\u2009hours per week were 1.019 (95% CI 1.012 to 1.026), 1.025 (95% CI 1.011 to 1.040), 1.017 (95% CI 1.008 to 1.027), 1.066 (95% CI 1.028 to 1.105) and 1.177 (95% CI 1.007 to 1.375), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Working over 55 hours per week was cross-sectionally associated with positive findings of endoscopic gastritis. The study findings indicated potentially increased risks of superficial gastritis, erosive gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and haemorrhagic gastritis among workers with long working hours (&gt;55\u2009hours per week), supporting the need for further exploration via longitudinal studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T16:26:25Z","timestamp":1630686385000},"page":"e050037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cross-sectional association between long working hours and endoscopic gastritis: the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2808-0423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunchan","family":"Mun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8844-492X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yesung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8535-3988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woncheol","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2163-5892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soyoung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102819003193000_11.9.e050037.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Messenger JC , Lee S , McCann D . 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