{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T19:27:27Z","timestamp":1765740447516,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["The research received no specific grant from any f"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["The research received no specific grant from any f"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Novel therapies such as small protein molecule inhibitors and immunotherapies are tested in early phase trials before moving to later phase trials and ultimately standard practice. A key aim of these clinical trials is to define a toxicity profile, however, the emphasis is often on safety with measurements of organ toxicity. Other subjective side effects can be under-reported because they are not measured formally within the trial protocols. The concern from clinical practice is that cognitive toxicity is poorly studied and may be under-reported in this context. This could lead to toxicity profiles of new treatments not being fully described and patients with unmet need in terms of acknowledgement and support of symptoms. This protocol outlines a framework of an exploratory study with feasibility aspects to investigate the impact and experience of cognitive changes for patients on phase I trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a mixed-methods study, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The sample is 30 patients with advanced cancer who are participating in phase I trials of novel therapies in the early clinical trials unit of a specialist cancer centre. A test battery of validated cognitive assessments will be taken alongside patient reported outcome measures at three time points from baseline, day eight and day 28 post start of treatment. At day 28, a semi-structured interview will be conducted and the narrative thematically analysed. Results will be integrated to offer a comprehensive description of cognitive function in this patient group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study has received full HRA and ethical approval. It is the first study to introduce formal cognitive assessments in a cancer phase I trial context. The study has the potential to highlight previously unreported side effects and more importantly unmet need in terms of care for patients who are participating in the trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T10:10:11Z","timestamp":1669630211000},"page":"e050590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["What is the impact of targeted therapies given within phase I trials on the cognitive function of patients with advanced cancer: a mixed-methods exploratory study conducted in an early clinical trials unit"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1579-9447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Stapleton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton, Sutton, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Sophie Emma","family":"Darlington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J S","family":"de Bono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton, Sutton, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Cancer Research Division of Cancer Therapeutics, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Wiseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"},{"name":"The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121411231056000_12.11.e050590.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2015.194"},{"key":"2025121411231056000_12.11.e050590.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ivanova A . 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