{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:46:01Z","timestamp":1792597561019,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000589","name":"Chief Scientist Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPHSU12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPHSU12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C45874\/A27016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C45874\/A27016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_12017\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12017\/12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Little is known about the perspectives of staff working in prisons where e-cigarettes are permitted. Scotland now permits people in custody (PiC), but not staff\/visitors to use e-cigarettes, following implementation of smoke-free prisons policy in 2018. Previous studies, conducted before and immediately after the introduction of e-cigarettes in Scottish prisons, have evidenced stakeholder support for their use by PiC. This study focuses on key challenges associated with e-cigarette use in prisons, using data collected from prison staff once e-cigarettes had been allowed in a smoke-free environment for 6\u20139 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five prisons in Scotland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen qualitative interviews were conducted with prison staff from five prisons varying by population (sex, age and sentence length). Data were managed and analysed using the framework approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While these staff confirmed strong support for the smoke-free prison policy and reported some benefits of replacing tobacco with e-cigarettes, they also spoke of the challenges e-cigarettes pose. These included: workplace e-cigarette vapour exposures; perceptions that e-cigarettes provide a new, effective way for some PiC to take illegal drugs, particularly new psychoactive substances; organisational challenges relating to the value attached to e-cigarettes in prisons; and implications for long-term nicotine use and tobacco cessation. Staff anticipated difficulties in tightening restrictions on e-cigarette use by PiC given its scale and significance among this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maximising the benefits of e-cigarette use by PiC is likely to require multiple measures to support effective and safe use and e-cigarette reduction\/cessation where desired. This includes monitoring any misuse of e-cigarettes, and provision of guidance and support on appropriate e-cigarette use and how to limit or quit use if desired. Findings are relevant to jurisdictions considering or planning changes in prison smoking or vaping policies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T12:31:55Z","timestamp":1645446715000},"page":"e051009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Challenges associated with e-cigarette use by people in custody in Scottish prisons: a qualitative interview study with prison staff"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2713-1847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"O'Donnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2307-5916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Eadie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7411-4260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Bauld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8616-525X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelia","family":"Demou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6527-0218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Purves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3321-5732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Sweeting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5873-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121422264772000_12.2.e051009.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa088","article-title":"Initial views and experiences of vaping in prisons: a qualitative study with people in custody preparing for the imminent implementation of Scotland's prison smokefree policy","volume":"23","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2025121422264772000_12.2.e051009.2","unstructured":"NHS Health Scotland . 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