{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T12:20:21Z","timestamp":1779366021820,"version":"3.53.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"(ZonMw) Dutch Organisation for Health Research and Development","award":["80-83700-98-16501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80-83700-98-16501"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023976","name":"Zorgverzekeraars Nederland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["80-83700-98-16501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80-83700-98-16501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023976","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current literature is inconclusive about the optimal treatment of elderly patients with displaced intra-articular distal radius fractures. Cast treatment is less invasive and less expensive than surgical treatment. Nevertheless, surgery is often the preferred treatment for this common type of distal radius fracture. Patients with a non-acceptable position after closed reduction are more likely to benefit from surgery than patients with an acceptable position after closed reduction. Therefore, this study aims to assess non-inferiority of functional outcomes after casting versus surgery in elderly patients with a non-acceptable position following a distal radius fracture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) with a non-inferiority design and an economic evaluation alongside. The population consists of patients aged 65 years and older with a displaced intra-articular distal radius fracture with non-acceptable radiological characteristics following either inadequate reduction or redisplacement after adequate reduction. Patients will be randomised between surgical treatment (open reduction and internal fixation) and non-operative treatment (closed reduction followed by cast treatment). We will use two age strata (65\u201375 and &gt;75 years of age) and a web-based mixed block randomisation. A total of 154 patients will be enrolled and evaluated with the patient-rated wrist evaluation as the primary outcome at 1-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes include the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, quality of life (measured by the EQ-5D), wrist range of motion, grip strength and adverse events. In addition, we will perform a cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis from a societal and healthcare perspective. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, cost-effectiveness planes and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves will be presented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Research and Ethics Committee approved this RCT (NL56858.100.16). The results of this study will be reported in a peer-reviewed journal. We will present the results of this study at (inter)national conferences and disseminate the results through guideline committees.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinicaltrials.gov (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT03009890\">NCT03009890<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ). Dutch Trial Registry (NTR6365).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T11:51:50Z","timestamp":1648813910000},"page":"e051658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of surgery versus casting for elderly patients with\n                    <b>D<\/b>\n                    isplaced intra-\n                    <b>A<\/b>\n                    rticular type C distal\n                    <b>R<\/b>\n                    adius fractures: protocol of a randomised controlled\n                    <b>T<\/b>\n                    rial with economic evaluation (the DART study)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03009890","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6600-3330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D P","family":"ter Meulen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Surgery, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Orthopedic Surgery, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0575-0447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M A M","family":"Mulders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4827-7466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A A","family":"Kruiswijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Surgery, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9485-1786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E J","family":"Kret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Surgery, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7085-8622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M E","family":"Slichter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Surgery, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1606-8742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J M","family":"van Dongen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, and the Amsterdam Movement Sciences Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The 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