{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:25:52Z","timestamp":1789190752136,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652054400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["GNT1086774, GNT1164736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1086774, GNT1164736"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Women Aware with Their Children study was created because prospective data are required to accurately guide prevention programmes for intimate partner violence (IPV) and to improve the mental health and resettlement trajectories of women from refugee backgrounds in Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1335\u2009women (685 consecutively enrolled from refugee backgrounds and 650 randomly selected Australian-born) recruited during pregnancy from three public antenatal clinics in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia. The mean age was 29.7 years among women from refugee backgrounds and 29.0 years among women born in the host nation. Main measures include IPV, mood, panic, post-traumatic stress disorder, disability and living difficulties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings to date<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of IPV at all three time points is significantly higher for refugee-background women. The trend data showed that reported IPV rates among Australian-born women increased from 25.8% at time 1 to 30.1% at time 3, while for refugee-background women this rate declined from 44.4% at time 1 to 42.6% at time 3. Prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) at all three time points is higher for refugee-background women. MDD among Australian-born women significantly declined from 14.5% at time 1 to 9.9% at time 3, while for refugee-background women it fluctuated from 25.1% at time 1 to 17.3% at time 2 and to 19.1% at time 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Future plans<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We are currently examining trajectories of IPV and mental disorder across four time points. Time 4 occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, enabling a unique opportunity to examine the impacts of the pandemic over time. Time 5 started in August 2021 and time 6 will begin approximately 12 months later. The children at time 5 are in the early school years, providing the capacity to examine behaviour, development and well-being of the index child.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T06:45:33Z","timestamp":1652769933000},"page":"e051887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Cohort profile: intimate partner violence and mental health among women from refugee background and a comparison group of Australian-born \u2013 the WATCH cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2845-6547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Rees","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2483-3798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Mohsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Mental Health Research Unit, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Batool","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1959-6807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global and Women\u2019s Health Unit, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Steel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawal","family":"Nadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Hassoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Batoul","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalini","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20438"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.3442","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of major depressive disorder among women at public antenatal clinics from refugee, Conflict-Affected, and Australian-born backgrounds","volume":"2","author":"Rees","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051740"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Moreno C , Watts C . Violence against women: an urgent public health priority, 2011.","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.10.085217"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n689"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.6","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics . Personal safety survey, Australia: statistics for family, domestic, sexual violence, physical assault, partner emotional abuse, child abuse, sexual harassment, Stalking and safety. 3 ed, 2017."},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1132"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckm009"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.12.1471"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838011404252"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(84)90348-4"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2011.02.009"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1098"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.14","article-title":"Onset of common mental disorders and suicidal behavior following women's first exposure to gender based violence: a retrospective, population-based study","volume":"14","author":"Rees","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.212","article-title":"A high-risk group of pregnant women with elevated levels of conflict-related trauma, intimate partner violence, symptoms of depression and other forms of mental distress in post-conflict Timor-Leste","volume":"6","author":"Rees","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihs012"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-0606.2008.00062.x"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403701","article-title":"The health of immigrants and refugees in Canada","volume":"96 Suppl 2","author":"Beiser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/136346159903600304"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.0528","article-title":"STROBE reporting guidelines for observational studies","volume":"156","author":"Ghaferi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.21","unstructured":"\u00dcst\u00fcn TB , Kostanjsek N , Chatterji S , et al , eds. Measuring health and disability: Manual for WHO disability assessment schedule WHODAS 2.0: World Health Organisation, 2010."},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.183.3.184"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(08)60522-x"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.25","unstructured":"World Health Organization . WHO Multi-Country Study on Women\u2019s Health and Life Experiences Final Core Questionnaire, version 10. Department of Gender. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2003."},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.26","unstructured":"World Health Organization . WHO Multi-Country Study on Women\u2019s Health and Life Experiences Final Core Questionnaire, version 10. Geneva: Department of Gender, WHO, 2003."},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83297-X"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5): American psychiatric association, 2013: 947 p.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"2025120519083848000_12.5.e051887.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255105","article-title":"Attitudes towards gender roles and prevalence of intimate partner violence perpetrated against pregnant and postnatal women: differences between women immigrants from conflict-affected countries and women born in Australia","volume":"16","author":"Hicks","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051887","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T03:08:50Z","timestamp":1764990530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051887"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051887","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}}}