{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T10:27:57Z","timestamp":1794392877005,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,3]],"date-time":"2021-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633219200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000735","name":"University of Cambridge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD-2019-02-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD-2019-02-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To comprehensively update and survey the current provision of recovery, rehabilitation and follow-up services for adult critical care patients across the UK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional, self-administered, predominantly closed-question, electronic, online survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Institutions providing adult critical care services identified from national databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiprofessional critical care clinicians delivering services at each site.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Responses from 176 UK hospital sites were included (176\/242, 72.7%). Inpatient recovery and follow-up services were present at 127\/176 (72.2%) sites, adopting multiple formats of delivery and primarily delivered by nurses (n=115\/127, 90.6%). Outpatient services ran at 130 sites (73.9%), predominantly as outpatient clinics. Most services (n=108\/130, 83.1%) were co-delivered by two or more healthcare professionals, typically nurse\/intensive care unit (ICU) physician (n=29\/130, 22.3%) or nurse\/ICU physician\/physiotherapist (n=19\/130, 14.6%) teams. Clinical psychology was most frequently lacking from inpatient or outpatient services. Lack of funding was consistently the primary barrier to service provision, with other barriers including logistical and service prioritisation factors indicating that infrastructure and profile for services remain inadequate. Posthospital discharge physical rehabilitation programmes were relatively few (n=31\/176, 17.6%), but peer support services were available in nearly half of responding institutions (n=85\/176, 48.3%). The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in either increasing, decreasing or reformatting service provision. Future plans for long-term service transformation focus on expansion of current, and establishment of new, outpatient services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, these data demonstrate a proliferation of recovery, follow-up and rehabilitation services for critically ill adults in the past decade across the UK, although service gaps remain suggesting further work is required for guideline implementation. Findings can be used to enhance survivorship for critically ill adults, inform policymakers and commissioners, and provide comparative data and experiential insights for clinicians designing models of care in international healthcare jurisdictions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T17:28:33Z","timestamp":1633368513000},"page":"e052214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Recovery, rehabilitation and follow-up services following critical illness: an updated UK national cross-sectional survey and progress report"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5676-5497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bronwen","family":"Connolly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK"},{"name":"Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhian","family":"Milton-Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia & Critical Care, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceri","family":"Battle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ed Major Critical Care Unit, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8206-6801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"McPeake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"The Healthcare Improvement Studies (THIS) Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Quasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Silversides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Slack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care, Guy\u2019s and St.Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Waldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care and Anaesthetics, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care, Guy\u2019s and St.Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120518411325000_11.10.e052214.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318232da75"},{"key":"2025120518411325000_11.10.e052214.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schofield-Robinson OJ , Lewis SR , Smith AF , et al . 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