{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T21:33:09Z","timestamp":1767648789092,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transition back into the community following acute management of acquired brain injury (ABI) is a critical part of recovery. Post-acute rehabilitation and transitional care can significantly improve outcomes. The Acquired Brain Injury Community REhabilitation and Support Services OuTcomes CohoRT (ABI-RESTaRT) is a novel whole-population cohort formed to better understand the needs of individuals with ABI receiving post-acute rehabilitation and disability services in Western Australia (WA), and to improve their outcomes. To do this a unique combination of (1) internal clinical\/rehabilitation data, and (2) externally linked health data from the WA Data Linkage System was used, including hospitalisations, emergency department presentations, mental health service use and death records, to measure longitudinal needs and outcomes of individuals with ABI over 29 years, making this the largest, most diverse post-acute ABI cohort in Australia to date.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whole-population cohort of individuals (n=1011) with an ABI who received post-acute community-based neurorehabilitation or disability support services through Brightwater Care Group from 1991 to 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings to date<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comprehensive baseline demographic, clinical and rehabilitation data, outcome measures and linked health data have been collected and analysed. Non-traumatic brain injury (eg, stroke, hypoxia) was the main diagnostic group (54.9%, n=555), followed by traumatic brain injury (34.9%, n=353) and eligible neurological conditions (10.2%, n=103). Mean age at admission was 45.4 years, and 67.5% were men (n=682). The cohort demonstrated significant heterogeneity, socially and clinically, with differences between ABI groups across a number of domains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Future plans<\/jats:title><jats:p>ABI-RESTaRT is a dynamic whole-population cohort that will be updated over time as individuals enrol in the service. Future analyses will assess longitudinal brain injury outcomes, the changing health and social needs of individuals with ABI and evaluate and inform post-acute services to best support these individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cohort is not linked to a clinical trial, and is not registered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T09:47:41Z","timestamp":1644832061000},"page":"e052728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cohort profile: the Acquired Brain Injury Community REhabilitation and Support Services OuTcomes CohoRT (ABI-RESTaRT), Western Australia, 1991\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3950-4989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgina","family":"Mann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5408-8747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lakkhina","family":"Troeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Wagland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1886-7115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelita","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.1","unstructured":"Rushworth N . Brain injury Australia: submission to the Australian Government\u2019s National mental health and disability employment strategy, 2008. Available: BRAININJURYAUSTRALIAsubmissionEMPLOYMENTSTRATEGYfinal"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.2","unstructured":"Fortune N , Wen X . The definition, incidence and prevalence of acquired brain injury in Australia. Sydney: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 1999."},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.3","unstructured":"Brain Injury Australia . About brain injury, 2016. Available: https:\/\/www.braininjuryaustralia.org.au\/"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7530.1419"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.5","unstructured":"The Victorian Neurotrauma Initiative . The economic cost of spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury in Australia report by access economics Pty limited for the Victorian neurotrauma initiative, 2009. Available: http:\/\/www.spinalcure.org.au\/pdf\/Economic-cost-of-SCI-and-TBI-in-Au-2009.pdf"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050902970737"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050701201631"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.06.009","article-title":"Impact of traumatic brain injury on participation in leisure activities","volume":"91","author":"Wise","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617710001311","article-title":"Development of depressive symptoms during early community reintegration after traumatic brain injury","volume":"17","author":"Ownsworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280701532854"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90168-9"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.12","first-page":"10","article-title":"Timeliness of postacute brain injury rehabilitation after TBI improves outcome","volume":"9","author":"Marquez de la Plata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chall"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.948067","article-title":"Functional outcomes of community-based brain injury rehabilitation clients","volume":"29","author":"Curran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1802660","article-title":"The effect of access to a designated interdisciplinary post-acute rehabilitation service on participant outcomes after brain injury","volume":"34","author":"Borg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1867768","article-title":"Evaluating client experience of rehabilitation following acquired brain injury: a cross-sectional study","volume":"35","author":"Christie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.16","article-title":"Community rehabilitation outcomes for different stroke diagnoses: an observational cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.17","unstructured":"Brightwater Care Group . Brain injury rehabilitation, 2020. Available: https:\/\/brightwatergroup.com\/disability\/brain-injury-rehabilitation\/"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.18","unstructured":"Department of Health Government of Western Australia . Data linkage Western Australia, 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.datalinkage-wa.org.au\/"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.19","unstructured":"Australian Rehabilitation Outcomes Centre . Aroc impairment coding guidelines, 2013. Available: https:\/\/documents.uow.edu.au\/content\/groups\/public\/@web\/@chsd\/@aroc\/documents\/doc\/uow125260.pdf"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0000000000000570","article-title":"A meta-analysis of dynamic prevalence of cognitive deficits in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases after traumatic brain injury","volume":"53","author":"Tsai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nurs"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1949.6.4.0294","article-title":"Traumatic subdural Hematoma\u2014Acute, subacute and chronic","volume":"6","author":"Echlin","year":"1949","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.06.017"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.23","unstructured":"Piccenna L , Knox L , Douglas L . Slow stream rehabilitation: an overview, 2016. Available: https:\/\/www.summerfoundation.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/ssr-briefing-paper-7-june-2016-final.pdf"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2017.1350998","article-title":"Staged residential post-acute rehabilitation for adults following acquired brain injury: a comparison of functional gains rated on the UK functional assessment measure (UK FIM+FAM) and the Mayo-Portland adaptability inventory (MPAI-4)","volume":"31","author":"Jackson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.3.349"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.26","unstructured":"National Disability Insurance Agency . What is the NDIS? 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.ndis.gov.au\/understanding\/what-ndis"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.27","unstructured":"Brightwater Care Group . Supported independent living, 2021. Available: https:\/\/brightwatergroup.com\/disability\/supported-independent-living\/"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.28","unstructured":"Brightwater Care Group . Transitional support, 2020. Available: https:\/\/brightwatergroup.com\/disability\/transitional-support\/"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.29","unstructured":"Department of Health Government of Western Australia . Access to WA community care services, 2019. Available: https:\/\/ww2.health.wa.gov.au\/Articles\/F_I\/HACC-Home-and-Community-Care-Program\/Access-to-WA-Community-Care-Services"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.30","unstructured":"StataCorp . Stata statistical software: release 16. College Station: StataCorp, 2019."},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.7.1341"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02915.x","article-title":"Influence of age and health behaviors on stroke risk: lessons from longitudinal studies","volume":"58 Suppl 2","author":"Kelly-Hayes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.33","first-page":"CD000197","article-title":"Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Langhorne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2010.09.007"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.2.333"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.10.042","article-title":"Hospital length of stay following admission for traumatic brain injury in a Canadian integrated trauma system: a retrospective multicenter cohort study","volume":"48","author":"Tardif","year":"2017","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1740943","article-title":"Time between acquired brain injury and admission to community-based rehabilitation: differences in cognitive and functional gains","volume":"34","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.38","unstructured":"Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) . Part A: multimorbidity. In: RACGP aged care clinical guide (silver book). 5th ed. Australia: Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, 2019."},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2003.00563.x"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(00)90033-9"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.03.005","article-title":"Major and minor depression after traumatic brain injury","volume":"92","author":"Hart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0783"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.6.1090"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.44","article-title":"Prevalence, patterns, and predictors of multimorbidity in adults with acquired brain injury at admission to staged community-based rehabilitation","volume":"2","author":"Jackson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000371","article-title":"Missing voices: profile, extent, and 12-month outcomes of nonfatal traumatic brain injury in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adults in Western Australia using linked administrative records","volume":"33","author":"Katzenellenbogen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2011.00717.x"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.601799"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.48","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics . Socio-Economic indexes for areas, 2018. Available: https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/websitedbs\/censushome.nsf\/home\/seifa"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.49","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics . The Australian statistical geography standard (ASGS) remoteness structure, 2018. Available: https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/websitedbs\/D3310114.nsf\/home\/remoteness+structure"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(74)91639-0"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921599676896799"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.52","unstructured":"Malec J , Lezak M . Manual for the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-4) for adults, children and adolescents, 2003. Available: http:\/\/www.tbims.org\/combi\/mpai\/manual.pdf"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01530764"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.7-6-593"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/3-211-27577-0_6","article-title":"Assessment of health-related quality of life in persons after traumatic brain injury--development of the Qolibri, a specific measure","volume":"93","author":"von Steinbuechel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1076"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215509337447"},{"key":"2022021401292938000_11.9.e052728.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921598669173600"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052728","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T12:41:28Z","timestamp":1700224888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052728"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052728","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}}}