{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T18:31:11Z","timestamp":1740162671388,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Explore the association between the first national lockdown associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on admissions for violence and the relationship with deprivation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Population-based longitudinal cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>North East and North Cumbria (NENC) area of England.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>All individuals living in the NENC (total population 3.1\u2009million) admitted 2017\/2018, 2018\/2019, 2019\/2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hospital Episode Statistics were extracted at Lower Layer Super Output Area and the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019 decile applied. Directly standardised rates were explored for number of accident and emergency (A&amp;E) attendances (per 1000); Alcohol-related admissions using Public Health England (PHE) Fingertips tool (per 100 000, ID 91414) and emergency admissions for violence (including sexual violence) (per 100 000) (ID 11201 classified by International Classification of Diseases (ICD)10 codes X85 to Y09).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A&amp;E attendances are higher in NENC compared with England (409.9 per 1000\u2009v 359.2). A&amp;E attendance was 81% higher in 2019\/20 in the most deprived compared with the least deprived. Attendances dropped during the first national COVID-19 lockdown and by September 2020 had not returned to \u2018normal\u2019 levels.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Admissions related to violence are a third higher in NENC (29% to 34%\u2009higher across 3 years) rates 7\u201310 times higher in most deprived than least deprived areas. Admission rates reduced during the first UK lock down but this bounced back by August higher than any of the previous 12 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Emergency admissions with violence appear to associate with the COVID-19 pandemic being initially higher than before the first national lockdown. This is in the context of overall A&amp;E attendances which are lower post lockdown. Given that emergency admissions with violence have been consistently higher in the NENC compared with England over recent years, we suggest that targeted action is required in NENC to address health inequalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T18:30:40Z","timestamp":1640025040000},"page":"e052923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cohort study to explore the association between the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and admissions for violence in North East and North Cumbria"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Collingwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1249-5253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia L","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldaa008"},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.2","unstructured":"COVID-19 report reveals major hit to the North\u2019s health and economy. Available: https:\/\/www.ncl.ac.uk\/press\/articles\/latest\/2020\/11\/nhsastudy\/"},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2007.071589"},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289709596730"},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2010.030486"},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdt038"},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2005.11.005"},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.095018"},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008669"},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.10","unstructured":"Dubourg R , Hamed J , Thorns J . The economic and social costs of crime against individuals and households 2003\/04. London: Home Office, 2005."},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.11","unstructured":"Walby S . The cost of domestic violence: up-date 2009. Lancaster: Lancaster University, 2009."},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.12","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Manual for estimating the economic costs of injuries due to interpersonal and self-directed violence. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2008."},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.13","unstructured":"Exploring the fall in A&E visits during the pandemic. Available: https:\/\/www.health.org.uk\/news-and-comment\/charts-and-infographics\/exploring-the-fall-in-a-e-visits-during-the-pandemic"},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.14","unstructured":"Report 29 - The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on all-cause attendances to emergency departments in two large London hospitals: an observational study. Available: https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis\/covid-19\/report-29-emergency-attendance\/"},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186719","article-title":"Assessing the impact of COVID-19 public health stages on paediatric emergency attendance","volume":"17","author":"McDonnell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011169"},{"key":"2024112512365980000_11.12.e052923.17","unstructured":"World Health Organisation . Global status report on violence prevention. Geneva, Switzerland: Inis Communication, 2014."}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052923","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T20:37:37Z","timestamp":1732567057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052923"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052923","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}}}