{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:01:22Z","timestamp":1793019682155,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000226","name":"Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["725A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["725A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rehabilitation is key to improving outcomes and quality of life after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, individuals experiencing homelessness are rarely represented in research that informs evidence-based rehabilitation guidelines even though TBI is disproportionately prevalent among this population. This protocol is for a scoping review to explore the extent to which rehabilitation, including the types of rehabilitation interventions, is available to, or used by, individuals who experience homelessness and TBI to inform (1) opportunities to integrate rehabilitation for individuals experiencing homelessness and TBI, (2) considerations for existing clinical and practice guidelines for rehabilitation and (3) recommendations for future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The scoping review will be guided by six stages described in scoping review methodology frameworks. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase and Embase Classic, Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Clinical Trials, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, and Nursing and Allied Health), reference list of included articles and scoping or systematic reviews identified from the search and grey literature, defined as reports from relevant brain injury, housing and rehabilitation organisations, will be searched. Two reviewers will independently screen all articles based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A descriptive numerical summary of data items will be provided and qualitative content analytic techniques will be used to identify and report common themes. Preliminary findings will be shared with stakeholders to seek feedback on the implications of the results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethics review will not be required, as only publicly available data will be analysed. Findings from the scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific meetings and to stakeholders, defined as service providers in the housing and TBI sectors; health professionals who provide care for individuals with TBI and\/or homelessness; health administrators, decision-makers and policy-makers; researchers; and caregivers or family members of individuals with lived experience of TBI and homelessness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T11:05:54Z","timestamp":1636110354000},"page":"e052942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Protocol for a scoping review on rehabilitation among individuals who experience homelessness and traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6884-044X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincy","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Jennifer","family":"Estrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Babineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Library & Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"The Institute for Education Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Colantonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.1","unstructured":"Affordable housing, inclusive economic policies key to ending homelessness, speakers say as social development Commission begins annual session, 2020. United nations meetings coverage and press releases. United Nations. Available: https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/2020\/soc4884.doc.htm [Accessed October 26, 2021]."},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.2","unstructured":"Gaetz S , Dej E , Richter T . The state of homelessness in Canada 2016. Toronto: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press., 2016. ISBN: 978-1-77221-057-6. https:\/\/www.homelesshub.ca\/SOHC2016"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.3","first-page":"13","article-title":"Characterizing people experiencing homelessness and trends in homelessness using population-level emergency department visit data in Ontario, Canada","volume":"32","author":"Strobel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.4","unstructured":"Canadian Alliance to End Homelessness 2020-1698 . One in five Canadians have a friend or acquaintance who has been homeless; majority support building new affordable housing; 2020. https:\/\/d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net\/caeh\/pages\/81\/attachments\/original\/1597194371\/CAEH-Nanos_Poll_Report_-_Housing___Homelessness_%281%29.pdf?1597194371 [Accessed 26 Oct 2021]."},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.5","first-page":"229","article-title":"Homelessness and health","volume":"164","author":"Hwang","year":"2001","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403700","article-title":"Homelessness and health in Canada: research lessons and priorities","volume":"96 Suppl 2","author":"Frankish","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31869-X"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.05.017"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16035"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30188-4","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in homeless and marginally housed individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Stubbs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.11","unstructured":"Stubbs JL , Thornton AE , Gicas KM , et al . Characterizing traumatic brain injury and its association with losing stable housing in a community-based sample: Caract\u00e9risation d\"une l\u00e9sion c\u00e9r\u00e9brale traumatique et de son association avec la perte d\"un logement stable dans un \u00e9chantillon communautaire. Canadian journal of psychiatry Revue canadienne de psychiatrie 2021;7067437211000665."},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-1059"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.2997"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00120","article-title":"A detailed overview of long-term outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury eight years post-injury","volume":"10","author":"Ruet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1182","article-title":"Long-Term follow-up of patients with mild traumatic brain injury: A mixed-method study","volume":"45","author":"Ahman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/20152.JNS14503"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4252"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.080341"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000044","article-title":"Healthcare utilization, legal incidents, and victimization following traumatic brain injury in homeless and Vulnerably housed individuals: A prospective cohort study","volume":"30","author":"To","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.20","unstructured":"Gaetz S , Barr C , Friesen A , Harris B , Hill C , Kovacs-Burns K , Kovacs-Burns K , Pearce B , Turner A , Marsolais A . Canadian definition of homelessness. Toronto Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press; 2012. https:\/\/www.homelesshub.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/COHhomelessdefinition.pdf [Accessed October 26, 2021]."},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2012-201761"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1700565","article-title":"The inter-relationship between acquired brain injury, substance use and homelessness; the impact of adverse childhood experiences: An interpretative phenomenological analysis study","volume":"43","author":"Adshead","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.23","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Access to rehabilitation in primary health care: An ongoing challenge. Contract No.: WHO\/HIS\/SDS\/2018.40. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2018."},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000202106.01654.61"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.25","unstructured":"Teasell R , Marshall S , Cullen N . Evidence-Based review of moderate to severe acquired brain injury (ERABI) version 13. Toronto, ON: Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation, 2019."},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.26","unstructured":"Bayley M , Swaine B , Lamontagne ME , et al . INESSS-ONF clinical practice guideline for the rehabilitation of adults with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, 2017 Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation. Available: https:\/\/braininjuryguidelines.org\/modtosevere\/ [Accessed October 26, 2021]."},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.190777"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1080\/01639625.2019.1706140","article-title":"Race, gender, and homelessness stigma: effects of perceived Blameworthiness and dangerousness","volume":"42","author":"Markowitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Deviant Behav"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1037\/sah0000093","article-title":"Stigmatized identities, psychological distress, and physical health: Intersections of homelessness and race","volume":"3","author":"Weisz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stigma Health"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1080\/09663690600808502","article-title":"At the Intersection of Invisibilities: Canadian women, homelessness and health outside the \u2018big city\u2019","volume":"13","author":"Whitzman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gender, Place & Culture"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.12.002"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.35","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Rehabilitation, 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/rehabilitation"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.36","unstructured":"Reed N , Zemek R , Dawson J . Living guideline for diagnosing and managing pediatric concussion, 2021. Available: https:\/\/pedsconcussion.com\/ doi:doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/3VWN9"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.37","unstructured":"Covidence systematic review software. Melbourne, Australia, 2021. Veritas Health Innovation. Available: https:\/\/www.covidence.org\/"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Theme in qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis","volume":"20","author":"Vaismoradi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forum: Qualitative Social Research"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.40","unstructured":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute . Background: Development and use of study quality assessment tools. Available: http:\/\/nhlbi.nih.gov\/node\/80102 [Accessed October 26, 2021]."},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-577"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.03.015","article-title":"Scoping review on rehabilitation scoping reviews","volume":"101","author":"Colquhoun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2025121408394502000_11.11.e052942.43","unstructured":"Canada WaGE . What is gender-based analysis plus, 2021. Government of Canada. Available: https:\/\/women-gender-equality.canada.ca\/en\/gender-based-analysis-plus\/what-gender-based-analysis-plus.html"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052942","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T16:39:57Z","timestamp":1765730397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052942","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}}}