{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T22:50:08Z","timestamp":1784847008897,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors of obstetric fistula (OF) awareness among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 15\u2009683 reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia. Following the presentation of a case vignette, women\u2019s OF awareness was measured by asking if they had ever heard of OF. A multilevel multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed. A 95%\u2009CI and p&lt;0.05 were used to declare statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The magnitude of women\u2019s awareness of OF was 38% (95% CI 0.37 to 0.39). Individual level variables including being in the age group of 20\u201325 (adjusted OR, AOR 1.17; 95%\u2009CI 1.02 to 1.35), 26\u201330 (AOR 1.50; 95%\u2009CI 1.27 to 1.76) and &gt;30 (AOR 1.76; 95%\u2009CI 1.50 to 2.07), being Muslim (AOR 0.83; 95%\u2009CI 0.73 to 0.94), having primary (AOR 1.70; 95%\u2009CI 1.53 to 1.89), secondary (AOR 3.43; 95%\u2009CI 2.95 to 3.99) and tertiary education (AOR 5.88; 95%\u2009CI 4.66 to 7.42), history of pregnancy termination (AOR 1.31; 95%\u2009CI 1.13 to 1.51), media exposure (AOR 1.33; 95%\u2009CI 1.2 to 1.49), internet use (AOR 2.25; 95%\u2009CI 1.84 to 2.75), medium (AOR 1.17; 95%\u2009CI 1.02 to 1.34) and rich house hold wealth (AOR 1.50; 95%\u2009CI 1.31 to 1.72) and community level factors including high community media exposure (AOR 1.30; 95%\u2009CI 1.05 to 1.61), high community antenatal care rate (AOR 1.66; 95%\u2009CI 1.37 to 2.02) and low health facility distance problem (AOR 1.49; 95%\u2009CI 1.23 to 1.81) were significantly associated with women\u2019s awareness of OF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and recommendations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The magnitude of women\u2019s awareness of OF was very low in Ethiopia. Awareness of OF was influenced by sociodemographic, economic, obstetric and community-related factors. Thus, tailored public health education is required at the national level to enhance women\u2019s awareness of OF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T12:02:33Z","timestamp":1638964953000},"page":"e053221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Awareness of obstetric fistula and its associated factors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Wallelign","family":"Aleminew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6697-8405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bezawit","family":"Mulat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6676-2281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kegnie","family":"Shitu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024112512352418000_11.12.e053221.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-020-01121-3"},{"key":"2024112512352418000_11.12.e053221.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0705-y"},{"key":"2024112512352418000_11.12.e053221.3","unstructured":"Obstetric fistulas in resource-limited settings\u2019 - UpToDate, 2021. 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