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However, there are no studies that map interventions available to retrain swallowing function in patients with moderate-to-severe ABI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To systematically map the accessible research literature to answer the research question:<jats:italic>Which non-surgical, non-pharmacological interventions are used in the treatment of dysphagia in patients with moderate and severe ABI in the acute and subacute phase?<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scoping review based on the methodology of Arksey and O\u2019Malley and methodological advancement by Levac<jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, OTseeker, speechBITE and PEDro were searched up until 14 March 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Eligibility criteria<\/jats:title><jats:p>All studies reporting rehabilitative interventions within 6 months of injury for patients with moderate-to-severe ABI and dysphagia were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data extraction and synthesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data was extracted by two independent reviewers and studies were categorised based on treatment modality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 21 396 records were retrieved, and a final of 26 studies were included. Interventions were categorised into<jats:italic>cortical<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>non-cortical<\/jats:italic>stimulation of the swallowing network. Cortical stimulation interventions were repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation. Non-cortical were complex swallowing interventions, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES), sensory stimulation, strengthening exercises and respiratory muscle training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This scoping review provides an overview of rehabilitative dysphagia interventions for patients with moderate and severe ABI, predominantly due to stroke, in the acute and subacute phase. Positive tendencies towards beneficial effects were found for rTMS, complex swallowing interventions, PES and cervical strengthening. Future studies could benefit from clear reporting of patient diagnosis and disease severity, the use of more standardised treatment protocols or algorithms and fewer but standardised outcome measures to enable comparison of effects across studies and interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T16:51:45Z","timestamp":1638463905000},"page":"e053244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Scoping review to identify and map non-pharmacological, non-surgical treatments for dysphagia following moderate-to-severe acquired brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2833-2114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Signe Janum","family":"Eskildsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Poulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Jakobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Gunge","family":"Riberholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek John","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024112512254023000_11.12.e053244.1","article-title":"Interventions for dysphagia and nutritional support in acute and subacute stroke","volume":"10","author":"Geeganage","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2024112512254023000_11.12.e053244.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000190056.76543.eb"},{"key":"2024112512254023000_11.12.e053244.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9695-9","article-title":"A systematic review of the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in stroke, Parkinson\u2019s disease, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, head injury, and pneumonia","volume":"31","author":"Takizawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2024112512254023000_11.12.e053244.4","first-page":"231","article-title":"Dysphagia in severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"15","author":"Alhashemi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosciences"},{"key":"2024112512254023000_11.12.e053244.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040991","article-title":"Dysphagia in neurologic patients in the intensive care unit","volume":"16","author":"Langmore;","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"2024112512254023000_11.12.e053244.6","unstructured":"The National Board of Health (Sundhedsstyrelsen) . 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