{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T14:09:51Z","timestamp":1783951791474,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["OPP1169939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1169939"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anaemia in pregnancy remains a critical global health problem, affecting 46% of pregnant women in Africa and 49% in Asia. Oral iron therapy requires extended adherence to achieve correction of anaemia and replenishment of iron stores. Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a recently established intravenous iron formulation associated with substantial advantages in safety, speed of delivery and total dose deliverable in a single infusion. We aim to determine whether FCM given once during the second trimester of pregnancy compared with standard oral iron distributed through routine antenatal services is effective and safe for treatment of moderate to severe maternal anaemia in sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The randomized controlled trial of the effect of intravenous iron on anaemia in Malawian pregnant women (REVAMP) is a two-arm confirmatory individually randomised trial set in Blantyre and Zomba districts in Malawi. The trial will randomise 862\u2009women in the second trimester of pregnancy with a capillary haemoglobin concentration below 100.0\u2009g\/L. The study comprises two arms: (a) intravenous FCM (20\u2009mg\/kg up to 1000\u2009mg) given once at randomisation, and (b) standard of care oral iron (65\u2009mg elemental iron two times per day) for 90 days (or the duration of pregnancy, whichever is shorter) provided according to local healthcare practices. Both arms receive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy. The primary outcome is the prevalence of anaemia (Hb &lt;110.0\u2009g\/L) at 36 weeks\u2019 gestation. Secondary outcomes include birth weight, gestation duration and safety outcomes, including clinical malaria, serious perinatal events and postpartum haematologic and health-related outcomes in the mother and child.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee (COMREC P.02\/18\/2357) in Malawi and the Human Research Ethics Committee (WEHI: 18\/02), Melbourne, Australia. The protocol is registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. The results will be shared with the local community that enabled the research, and also to the international fora.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ACTRN12618001268235; Pre-results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T13:01:54Z","timestamp":1637672514000},"page":"e053288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Protocol for a multicentre, parallel-group, open-label randomised controlled trial comparing ferric carboxymaltose with the standard of care in anaemic Malawian pregnant women: the REVAMP trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8358-4448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin N","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Infectious Diseases, Training and Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Blantyre, Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glory","family":"Mzembe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Infectious Diseases, Training and Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Blantyre, Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Infectious Diseases, Training and Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Blantyre, Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1997-3999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Braat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjarne","family":"Robberstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0699-2381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Stones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Rogerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kabeya","family":"Biselele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zomba Central Hospital, Zomba, Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1921-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jobiba","family":"Chinkhumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Alert Centre, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ata\u00edde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamija S","family":"Phiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Infectious Diseases, Training and Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Blantyre, Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sant-Rayn","family":"Pasricha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Immunity Division, 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