{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T18:13:39Z","timestamp":1783620819903,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The N.B. Hershfield Chair in Therapeutic Endoscopy, University of Calgary","award":["Not applicable (N\/A)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable (N\/A)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is performed to diagnose and manage conditions of the biliary and pancreatic ducts. Though effective, it is associated with common adverse events (AEs). The purpose of this study is to systematically review ERCP AE rates and report up-to-date pooled estimates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A comprehensive electronic search will be conducted of relevant medical databases through 10 November 2020. A study team of eight data abstracters will independently determine study eligibility, assess quality and abstract data in parallel, with any two concordant entries constituting agreement and with discrepancies resolved by consensus. The primary outcome will be the pooled incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis, with secondary outcomes including post-ERCP bleeding, cholangitis, perforation, cholecystitis, death and unplanned healthcare encounters. Secondary outcomes will also include rates of specific and overall AEs within clinically relevant subgroups determined a priori. DerSimonian and Laird random effects models will be used to perform meta-analyses of these outcomes. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored via meta-regression. Subgroup analyses based on median dates of data collection across studies will be performed to determine whether AE rates have changed over time.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ethics approval is not required for this study as it is a planned meta-analysis of previously published data. Participant consent is similarly not required. Dissemination is planned via presentation at relevant conferences in addition to publication in peer-reviewed journals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:bold>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CRD42020220221.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T13:41:56Z","timestamp":1629207716000},"page":"e053302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Adverse events associated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6966-3908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nauzer","family":"Forbes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grigorios I.","family":"Leontiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Vaska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge Resource Service, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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