{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:56:35Z","timestamp":1774745795610,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Philippine Council for Health Research and Development - Department of Science and Technology","award":["No fund grant number available"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No fund grant number available"]}]},{"name":"Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society Foundation, Inc.","award":["No fund grant number available"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No fund grant number available"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001137","name":"Australia Awards","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No fund grant number available"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No fund grant number available"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The novel (COVID-19 was first reported to have originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. This new strain, SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, has spread rapidly worldwide, prompting the WHO to declare the COVID-19 outbreak a global pandemic. The main objective of this cohort study is to determine the risk factors of COVID-19, the modes of COVID-19 vertical transmission, and the maternal and fetal outcomes among non-pregnant and pregnant women and their fetuses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a multicentre epidemiological study that will involve a prospective cohort. COVID-19 status among consulting non-pregnant and pregnant women in public hospitals in Manila, Philippines, will be determined and monitored for 6\u201312 months. Swab specimens from the nasopharynx, cervix, rectum, amniotic fluid, placenta, cord blood and breastmilk will be collected during consult and admission for reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) testing. Blood will be collected during the postdelivery period to monitor the women and their neonates for any undue development and determine the antibody development to indicate an infective or non-infective state. Evidence of vertical transmission will be explored with the presence or absence of the virus using the maternal and fetal neonatal RT-PCR and lateral flow antibody status. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be done, including the associations between exposures and risk factors, description of clinical characteristics, and the COVID-19 status of the participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Single Joint Research Ethics Board of the Department of Health has approved this protocol (SJREB 2020-30). The study results will be disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed articles, and various stakeholder public forums and activities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T08:08:03Z","timestamp":1652774883000},"page":"e053389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Risk factors of COVID-19 vertical transmission among pregnant and non-pregnant Filipinos in Metro Manila: a multicentre cohort study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6296-8610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erlidia F","family":"Llamas-Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, City of Manila, Philippines"},{"name":"Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, City of Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca B","family":"Singson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Luke's Medical Center, Taguig City, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco M","family":"Heralde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, City of Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayan U","family":"Lumandas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Esterlita T","family":"Villanueva-Uy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, City of Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Stephanie Fay S","family":"Cagayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, City of Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3383-6336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zypher Jude G","family":"Regencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, City of Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, City of Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3888-8880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel S","family":"Baja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, City of Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, City of Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1036"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.5465\/amp.2019.0053","article-title":"COVID-19, Societalization, and the future of business in society","volume":"34","author":"Brammer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad Manag Perspect"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13431","article-title":"Overview of transnational recommendations for COVID-19 transmission control in dental care settings","volume":"27 Suppl 3","author":"Jamal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.4","unstructured":"Williamson E , Walker AJ , Bhaskaran K . OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19-related Hospital death in the linked electronic health records of 17 million adult NHS patients. MedRxiv 2020."},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30526-2","article-title":"COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak","volume":"395","author":"Wenham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m2107","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2107","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK: national population based cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Knight","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.03.002"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30176-6","article-title":"Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14321"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.13","first-page":"1846","article-title":"Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn","volume":"42","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00104","article-title":"Infants born to mothers with a new coronavirus (COVID-19)","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13182"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI87490"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12355"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.11.019"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1002.030736"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.20","first-page":"516","article-title":"[Clinical analysis of pregnancy in second and third trimesters complicated severe acute respiratory syndrome]","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-020-00304-9"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2020.02.010","article-title":"Recent advances and perspectives of nucleic acid detection for coronavirus","volume":"10","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pharm Anal"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-017-3281-9"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.24","unstructured":"FDA U . Vitro diagnostics EUAs\u2013serology and other adaptive immune response tests for SARS-CoV-2, 2021."},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05361-2"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.26","unstructured":"Fleiss JL , Levin B , Paik MC . Statistical methods for rates and proportions. John Wiley & Sons, 2013."},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1095915"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00370-6","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 variants and ending the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"397","author":"Fontanet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025121604254114000_12.4.e053389.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e348","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdab065","article-title":"The need for mass testing and the proper post-COVID-19 test behavior in the Philippines","volume":"43","author":"Mendoza","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Public Health"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053389","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:25:48Z","timestamp":1765887948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053389"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053389","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}}}