{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T16:09:44Z","timestamp":1782403784730,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To elucidate gender differences in snowboarding accidents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective registry analysis within the Austrian National Registry of Mountain Accidents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Snowboard-related emergencies between November 2005 and October 2018.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All injured snowboarders with documented injury severity and gender (3536 men; 2155 women).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gender-specific analysis of emergency characteristics and injury patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over time, the number of mild, severe and fatal injuries per season decreased in men but not in women. Accidents most frequently were interindividual collisions (&gt;80%) and occurred when heading downhill on a slope. Men more often suffered injuries to the shoulder (15.1% vs 9.2%) and chest (6.8% vs 4.4%), were involved in accidents caused by falling (12.9% vs 9.6%) or obstacle impact (4.3% vs 1.5%), while on slopes with higher difficulty levels (red: 42.6% vs 39.9%; black: 4.2% vs 2.5%), while snowboarding in a park (4.8% vs 2.1%) and under the influence of alcohol (1.6% vs 0.5%). Women more often sustained injuries to the back (10.2% vs 13.1%) and pelvis (2.9% vs 4.2%), on easier slopes (blue: 46.1% vs 52.4%) and while standing or sitting (11.0% vs 15.8%). Mild injuries were more frequent in women (48.6% vs 56.4%), severe and fatal injuries in men (36.0% vs 29.7% and 0.9% vs 0.4%). Male gender, age and the use of a helmet were risk factors for the combined outcome of severe or fatal injuries (OR (99%\u2009CI): 1.22 (1.00 to 1.48), 1.02 (1.02 to 1.03) and 1.31 (1.05 to 1.63)). When wearing a helmet, the relative risk (RR) for severe injuries increased while that for mild injuries decreased in male snowboarders only (RR (95%\u2009CI): 1.21 (1.09 to 1.34) and 0.88 (0.83 to 0.95)).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Snowboard injuries are proportionally increasing in women and the observed injury patterns and emergency characteristics differ substantially from those of men. Further gender-specific research in snowboard-related injuries should be encouraged.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT03755050\">NCT03755050<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T18:57:15Z","timestamp":1634669835000},"page":"e053413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Gender differences in snowboarding accidents in Austria: a 2005\u20132018 registry analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03755050","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7150-7357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher Duane","family":"Rugg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Till","family":"Malzacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Ausserer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Rederlechner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Paal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6623-7823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Str\u00f6hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121403080997000_11.10.e053413.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082916","article-title":"Incidences of fatalities on Austrian Ski slopes: a 10-year analysis","volume":"17","author":"Posch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025121403080997000_11.10.e053413.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1245578"},{"key":"2025121403080997000_11.10.e053413.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1385244"},{"key":"2025121403080997000_11.10.e053413.4","unstructured":"Kuratorium f\u00fcr Verkehrssicherheit . 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