{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:31:22Z","timestamp":1765758682312,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662508800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA); government of the Republic of Korea","award":["Grant budget code: MOCA-CHKOI02051 (Award #: N\/A)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant budget code: MOCA-CHKOI02051 (Award #: N\/A)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mozambique suffers from regular floods along its principal river basins and periodic cyclones that resulted in several cholera epidemics during the last decades. Cholera outbreaks in the recent 5\u2009years affected particularly the northern provinces of the country including Nampula and Niassa provinces. A pre-emptive oral cholera vaccine (OCV) mass vaccination campaign was conducted in Cuamba District, Niassa Province, and the feasibility, costs, and vaccination coverage assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>WHO prequalified OCV (Euvichol-Plus), a killed whole-cell bivalent vaccine containing<jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>O1 (classical and El Tor) and O139, was administered in two doses with a 15-day interval during 7\u201331 August 2018, targeting around 180\u2009000 people aged above 1\u2009year in Cuamba District. Microplanning, community sensitisation, and training of local public health professionals and field enumerators were conducted. Feasibility and costs of vaccination were assessed using CholTool. Vaccination coverage and barriers were assessed through community surveys.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The administrative coverage of the first and second rounds of the campaign were 98.9% (194 581) and 98.8% (194 325), respectively, based on the available population data that estimated total 196\u2009652 inhabitants in the target area. The vaccination coverage survey exhibited 75.9% (\u00b12.2%) and 68.5% (\u00b13.3%) coverage for the first and second rounds, respectively. Overall, 60.4% (\u00b13.4%) of the target population received full two doses of OCV. Barriers to vaccination included incompatibility between working hours and campaign time. No severe adverse events were notified. The total financial cost per dose delivered was US$0.60 without vaccine cost and US$1.98 including vaccine costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pre-emptive OCV mass vaccination campaign in remote setting in Mozambique was feasible with reasonable full-dose vaccination coverage to confer sufficient herd immunity for at least the next 3 to 5\u2009years. The delivery cost estimate indicates that the OCV campaign is affordable as it is comparable with Gavi\u2019s operational support for vaccination campaigns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T15:02:41Z","timestamp":1662562961000},"page":"e053585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pre-emptive oral cholera vaccine (OCV) mass vaccination campaign in Cuamba District, Niassa Province, Mozambique: feasibility, vaccination coverage and delivery costs using CholTool"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jucun\u00fa J","family":"Elias Chitio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia S","family":"Baltazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Paulo","family":"Langa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liliana Dengo","family":"Baloi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramos B J","family":"Mboane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alberto","family":"Manuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadate","family":"Assane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alide","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Manso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Capitine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Van Rensburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naira","family":"Luiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0596-8072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittal","family":"Mogasale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6043-7170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1632-3045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se Eun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Namseon S","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022110206451900000_12.9.e053585.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0201"},{"key":"2022110206451900000_12.9.e053585.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.6943","article-title":"Epidemic waves of cholera in the last two decades in Mozambique","volume":"9","author":"Langa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"2022110206451900000_12.9.e053585.3","unstructured":"WHO . 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