{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:23:15Z","timestamp":1765610595307,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662422400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aimed to assess the attitude of Saudi and Pakistani individuals with diabetes regarding Eid-al-Fitr festivities, exploring diabetes care during the month of Ramadan and these individuals\u2019 dietary patterns on Eid day.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) and Karachi (Pakistan).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the total 405 subjects, 204 individuals with diabetes from Saudi Arabia (SA) and 201 from Pakistan (Pak) were enrolled.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data collection and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This survey-based study was carried out in SA and Pak after Eid-al-Fitr 2020. An online questionnaire was circulated via various social media platforms. The data analyses were performed using SPSS V.26.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 80 subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 325 subjects with type 2 DM. Among our study subjects, 73 were on insulin, 260 were on oral antidiabetics (OADs) and 72 were taking both OADs and insulin. Two-thirds of the participants, 276 (68%) visited their physicians before Ramadan. Many participants (175, 43.2%) broke their fast a day or more because of diabetes. Many participants consumed sugary food on Eid day. The use of chocolates, sugary foods and fresh juices on Eid-al-Fitr was higher in Saudi subjects than in Pakistani ones (p&lt;0.001). Saudi subjects with diabetes adhered more strictly to medications during Ramadan than Pakistani subjects (p=0.01). Saudi participants were more compliant with monitoring DM during Eid-al-Fitr compared with Pakistani subjects. Many participants in both groups felt stressed or depressed and stated that their Eid celebrations were restrictive because of their DM conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most Saudi and Pakistani participants enjoyed Eid celebrations by abstaining from dietary restrictions. The sugar consumption attitude during Eid day was not up to the mark. Many subjects broke their fasts for a day or more because of diabetes. Saudis were more vigilant in monitoring DM than Pakistanis during Eid-al-Fitr. Individuals with diabetes should consult their physicians before Ramadan for checkups and counselling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T11:34:33Z","timestamp":1662464073000},"page":"e054902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Eid-al-Fitr festivity and Ramadan fasting attitude among individuals with diabetes from Saudi Arabia and Pakistan: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4920-4197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohair J","family":"Gazzaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine (Diabetes), King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0058-2031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mukhtiar","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Adnan","family":"Kanpurwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology, Karachi Institute of Medical Sciences, NUMS, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahir","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moaz A","family":"Mojaddidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manal A","family":"Murad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121223193129000_12.9.e054902.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.12.011","article-title":"Patients with diabetes observing Ramadan: the experience of Muslims in the United States","volume":"150","author":"Myers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2025121223193129000_12.9.e054902.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.003"},{"key":"2025121223193129000_12.9.e054902.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.02.008","article-title":"Diabetes and Ramadan: a multicenter study in Algerian population","volume":"150","author":"Malek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2025121223193129000_12.9.e054902.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_250_19","article-title":"Incidence of hypoglycemia and its risk factors among diabetics during Ramadan in Abha City, Aseer region, KSA","volume":"8","author":"AlKhaldi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"2025121223193129000_12.9.e054902.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108145","article-title":"The South Asian health Foundation (UK) guidelines for managing diabetes during Ramadan","volume":"164","author":"Hanif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2025121223193129000_12.9.e054902.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.10.2306"},{"key":"2025121223193129000_12.9.e054902.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00886-y"},{"key":"2025121223193129000_12.9.e054902.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.01.039","article-title":"Diabetic hypoglycaemia during Ramadan fasting: a trans-national observational real-world study","volume":"150","author":"Beshyah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2025121223193129000_12.9.e054902.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.02.027","article-title":"Risk of diabetic ketoacidosis during Ramadan fasting: a critical reappraisal","volume":"151","author":"Beshyah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2025121223193129000_12.9.e054902.10","unstructured":"Gross domestic product (GDP). 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