{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T20:43:19Z","timestamp":1785876199672,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019-02019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-02019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation","award":["20200261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200261"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied characteristics, survival, causes of cardiac arrest, conditions preceding cardiac arrest, predictors of survival and trends in the prevalence of COVID-19 among in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Registry-based observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We studied all cases (\u226518 years of age) of IHCA receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation during 15 March 2020 to 31 December 2020. A total of 1613 patients were included and divided into the following groups: ongoing infection (COVID-19\n                      <jats:bold>+;<\/jats:bold>\n                      n=182), no infection (COVID-19\n                      <jats:bold>\u2013;<\/jats:bold>\n                      n=1062) and unknown\/not assessed (n=369).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcomes and measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied monthly trends in proportions of COVID-19 associated IHCAs, causes of IHCA in relation to COVID-19 status, clinical conditions preceding the cardiac arrest and predictors of survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rate of COVID-19+ patients suffering an IHCA increased to 23% during the first pandemic wave (April), then abated to 3% in July, and then increased to 19% during the second wave (December). Among COVID-19+ cases, 43% had respiratory insufficiency or infection as the underlying cause of the cardiac arrest, compared with 18% among COVID-19\u2013 cases. The most common clinical sign preceding cardiac arrest was hypoxia (57%) among COVID-19+ cases. OR for 30-day survival for COVID-19+ cases was 0.50 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.76), compared with COVID-19\u2013 cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During pandemic peaks, up to one-fourth of all IHCAs are complicated by COVID-19, and these patients have halved chance of survival, with women displaying the worst outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T12:31:32Z","timestamp":1638275492000},"page":"e054943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cohort study of the characteristics and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and in-hospital cardiac arrest"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4226-7494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid","family":"Holm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilda","family":"Jerkeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6941-6659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedram","family":"Sultanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lundgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annica","family":"Ravn-Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Israelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasna","family":"Giesecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinicum-Centre for Clinical Skills, Interprofessional Education and Advanced Medical Simulation, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Herlitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Prehospital Research, University of Bor\u00e5s, Bor\u00e5s, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2066-3533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Araz","family":"Rawshani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121409151602000_11.11.e054943.1","unstructured":"Johns Hopkins coronavirus resource centre . 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