{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T21:27:05Z","timestamp":1773264425881,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020171","name":"Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA # 72038820CA00002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA # 72038820CA00002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To establish a hospital-based platform to explore the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients screened for COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital-based surveillance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted in four selected hospitals in Bangladesh during 10 June\u201331 August 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 2345 patients of all age (68% male) attending the outpatient and inpatient departments of surveillance hospitals with any one or more of the following symptoms within last 7 days: fever, cough, sore throat and respiratory distress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The outcome measures were COVID-19 positivity and mortality rate among enrolled patients. Pearson\u2019s \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      test was used to compare the categorical variables (sign\/symptoms, comorbidities, admission status and COVID-19 test results). Regression analysis was performed to determine the association between potential risk factors and death.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 was detected among 922 (39%) enrolled patients. It was more common in outpatients with a peak positivity in second week of July (112, 54%). The median age of the confirmed COVID-19 cases was 38 years (IQR: 30\u201350), 654 (71%) were male and 83 (9%) were healthcare workers. Cough (615, 67%) was the most common symptom, followed by fever (493, 53%). Patients with diabetes were more likely to get COVID-19 than patients without diabetes (48% vs 38%; OR: 1.5; 95%\u2009CI: 1.2 to 1.9). The death rate among COVID-19 positive was 2.3%, n=21. Death was associated with age \u226560 years (adjusted OR (AOR): 13.9; 95%\u2009CI: 5.5 to 34), shortness of breath (AOR: 9.7; 95%\u2009CI: 3.0 to 30), comorbidity (AOR: 4.8; 95%\u2009CI: 1.1 to 21.7), smoking history (AOR: 2.2, 95%\u2009CI: 0.7 to 7.1), attending the hospital in &lt;2\u2009days of symptom onset due to critical illness (AOR: 4.7; 95%\u2009CI: 1.2 to 17.8) and hospital admission (AOR: 3.4; 95%\u2009CI: 1.2 to 9.8).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 positivity was observed in more than one-third of patients with suspected COVID-19 attending selected hospitals. While managing such patients, the risk factors identified for higher death rates should be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T11:53:15Z","timestamp":1638445995000},"page":"e055169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Establishing a sentinel surveillance system for the novel COVID-19 in a resource-limited country: methods, system attributes and early findings"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8353-120X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pritimoy","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5054-9243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zubair","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syeda","family":"Mah-E-Muneer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md Ariful","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Ziaur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafizur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmudur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahbubur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mallick Masum","family":"Billah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ASM","family":"Alamgir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meerjady Sabrina","family":"Flora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahmina","family":"Shirin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayera","family":"Banu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahmida","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121400283125000_11.12.e055169.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01401-y","article-title":"2019 novel coronavirus: where we are and what we know","volume":"48","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2025121400283125000_11.12.e055169.2","unstructured":"Worldometer . 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