{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:38:28Z","timestamp":1793659108919,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the length of stay in health facilities after childbirth and associated maternal and neonatal factors in Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>2260 mothers who participated in the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey were included in the study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcome<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Length of stay in health facilities after childbirth was the outcome variable of the study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In Ethiopia, the mean duration of postpartum stay for mothers in health facilities was 21.96 (19.97\u201323.94) hours. Nine hundred and sixty-eight (34.80%) women remained in health institutions for \u226524 hours after delivery. Gestational age, birth weight and mode of delivery were significantly associated with length of stay. Gestational age was found to be inversely associated with length of stay. Mothers who had a vaginal delivery were 8.89% (adjusted HR (AHR) 8.89, 95% CI (4.28 to 18.46), p&lt;0.001) more likely to discharge earlier from health facilities after delivery, compared with those who had a caesarian section. Women with larger size neonates during birth were 19% (AHR=0.81, 95% CI (0.67 to 0.96), p=0.019) more likely to stay longer in health facilities than women with average size neonates. Women with a smaller size neonate during birth were 16% (AHR=0.84, 95% CI (0.70 to 0.99), p=0.040) more likely to stay longer at a health facility, compared with those with an average size neonate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A small percentage of Ethiopian mothers stayed in health facilities for 24 hours or more after delivery. Encouraging mothers to stay in health facilities for the recommended period after childbirth can play a significant role in reducing maternal and neonatal deaths.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T11:28:47Z","timestamp":1638876527000},"page":"e055327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Length of stay in health facilities after childbirth and associated maternal and neonatal factors in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study from a national survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2291-6517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yemisrach Belete","family":"Biru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getasew Assefa","family":"Lemelem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahom","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.1","unstructured":"UNICEF . Maternal mortality rates and statistics [Internet, 2019. Available: https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/topic\/maternal-health\/maternal-mortality\/#:~:text=Maternal mortality refers to deaths,to UN inter-agency estimates"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.2","unstructured":"ICF . Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016 [Internet]. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CSA and ICF, 2017. http:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/FR328\/FR328.pdf"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.3","unstructured":"UNICEF . Neonatal mortality [Internet], 2020. Available: https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/topic\/child-survival\/neonatal-mortality\/"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.4","unstructured":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) [Ethiopia] I . Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019 : key indicators. Rockville, Maryland, USA, 2019."},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.5","article-title":"Essential childbirth and postnatal interventions for improved maternal and neonatal health","volume":"11(Suppl 1)","author":"Salam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(96)02667-7"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.7","unstructured":"World Health Organization . WHO | WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the mother and newborn [Internet. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013: 2. http:\/\/www.who.int\/maternal_child_adolescent\/documents\/postnatal-care-recommendations\/en\/"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001972"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204919","article-title":"Length of stay following vaginal deliveries: a population based study in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (north-eastern Italy), 2005-2015","volume":"14","author":"Cegolon","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210753","article-title":"Length of stay following cesarean sections: a population based study in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (north-eastern Italy), 2005-2015","volume":"14","author":"Cegolon","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrp.2015.11.002"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-11-62"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.13","unstructured":"Ethiopia CSA , Macro O . Ethiopian Demograhic and health survey 2005. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, Maryland, USA, 2006."},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang H , Tesfaye R , Ramana GN . Ethiopia Health Extension Program an institutionalized community approach for universal health coverage [Internet]. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development \/ The World Bank, 2016. https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/bitstream\/handle\/10986\/24119\/9781464808159.pdf","DOI":"10.1596\/978-1-4648-0815-9"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-2839-9"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74161-2","article-title":"Determinants of length of stay after cesarean sections in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (north-eastern Italy), 2005\u20132015","volume":"10","author":"Cegolon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62774-6","article-title":"Determinants of length of stay after vaginal deliveries in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (north-eastern Italy), 2005\u20132015","volume":"10","author":"Cegolon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.18","unstructured":"World Bank . Population, Ethiopia, 2020."},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.19","unstructured":"CSA, ICF . Ethiopia Demograpic and Health Survey 2016 [dataset]. ETIR71DT. Data from: Standard DHS, 2016 Dataset Repository, 2016. Available: https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/data\/dataset\/Ethiopia_Standard-DHS_2016.cfm?flag=1"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2015.11.009","article-title":"Determinants of early discharge of mothers from hospitals after delivery in Beed block of Beed district, Maharashtra, India 2014","volume":"3","author":"Nipte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06680-1","article-title":"Quality of maternal and newborn health care in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Biadgo","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1912-0","article-title":"Short and long-term costs among women experiencing preterm labour or preterm birth: the German experience","volume":"18","author":"Pokras","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-10-S1-S2"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-93","article-title":"The economic burden of prematurity in Canada","volume":"14","author":"Johnston","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1740-2","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with preterm birth at kenyatta national Hospital","volume":"18","author":"Wagura","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2372-x","article-title":"Factors associated with low birthweight among newborns delivered at public health facilities of Nekemte town, West Ethiopia: a case control study","volume":"19","author":"Girma","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1044-3","article-title":"Risk factors and outcomes of fetal macrosomia in a tertiary centre in Tanzania: a case-control study","volume":"16","author":"Said","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4790136","article-title":"Foetal macrosomia and Foetal-Maternal outcomes at birth","volume":"2018","author":"Turkmen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pregnancy"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.08.037"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13037-020-00236-8","article-title":"Prevalence, indications, and outcomes of caesarean section deliveries in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Gedefaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Patient Saf Surg"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4690-5","article-title":"Maternal and fetal outcomes of cesarean delivery and factors associated with its unfavorable management outcomes; in Ayder specialized comprehensive Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2017","volume":"12","author":"Mengesha","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-015-0114-8","article-title":"Factors leading to cesarean section delivery at Felegehiwot referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective record review","volume":"13","author":"Abebe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S277747","article-title":"Magnitude of cesarean section delivery and its associated factors among mothers who gave birth at public hospitals in northern Ethiopia: Institution-Based cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Ayalew","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9018747","article-title":"Determinants of cesarean section deliveries in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018\/19: a case-control study","volume":"2020","author":"Gebreegziabher Hailu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Int"},{"key":"2025101815095888000_11.12.e055327.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e849","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30565-5","article-title":"National, regional, and worldwide estimates of low birthweight in 2015, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis","volume":"7","author":"Blencowe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055327","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T22:10:12Z","timestamp":1760825412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055327"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055327","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}}}