{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T08:55:29Z","timestamp":1782896129727,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648944000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H03907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H03907"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H03159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H03159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K08123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K08123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan","award":["21AA2007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21AA2007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess whether adults with proteinuria were at a higher risk of incident colorectal cancer (CRC) than those without proteinuria using a large-scale population-based database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The JMDC Claims Database, an administrative health claims database, was used. Data were collected between 2005 and 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We selected records of participants (n=3 543 705) who underwent health check-ups, including physical examinations, blood tests and urine dipstick tests. We excluded participants who were aged &lt;20 years (n=25\u2009577), had a history of CRC, colorectal disease, renal disease and renal replacement therapy (n=114\u2009888), or had missing data on medications (n=170\u2009145), cigarette smoking (n=14\u2009835), alcohol consumption (n=366\u2009414) or physical activity (n=106\u2009550). Finally, we analysed 2\u2009745\u2009296 participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was CRC at any stage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were categorised as having no proteinuria (n=2 435 872), trace proteinuria (n=231\u2009153) or positive proteinuria (n=78\u2009271). Over a mean follow-up period of 1189\u00b1914 days, 10 615 CRC diagnoses were recorded. The incidence of CRC (95% CI) was lowest in participants without proteinuria (11.7; 95%\u2009CI, 11.5 to 11.9 per 10\u2009000 person-years), followed by trace proteinuria (12.5; 95%\u2009CI, 11.7 to 13.3 per 10\u2009000 person-years) and positive proteinuria (16.1; 95%\u2009CI, 14.6 to 17.7 per 10\u2009000 person-years). After multivariable adjustment, compared with no proteinuria, HRs for incident CRC were 1.20 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.29) and 1.23 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.36) for trace and positive proteinuria, respectively. The association between proteinuria and incident CRC existed in participants after multiple imputations for missing data, with a follow-up period of \u2265365 days, regardless of age, sex, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and estimated glomerular filtration rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trace and positive proteinuria were associated with a greater risk of incident CRC. Assessment of proteinuria could help identify individuals at an increased risk of CRC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T12:16:33Z","timestamp":1649074593000},"page":"e056250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association between proteinuria and incident colorectal cancer: analysis of a nationwide population-based database"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, 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