{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T13:23:48Z","timestamp":1782307428738,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647388800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The marginalisation of undocumented migrants raises concerns about equitable access to COVID-19 vaccination. This study aims to describe migrants\u2019 hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccination during the early phase of the vaccination campaign.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicentric cross-sectional survey was conducted in health facilities providing care to undocumented migrants in the USA, Switzerland, Italy and France in February\u2013May 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eligibility criteria included age &gt;16 years, being of foreign origin and living without valid residency permit in the country of recruitment. A convenience sample of minimum 100 patients per study site was targeted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected using an anonymous structured questionnaire. The main outcomes were perceived access to the local COVID-19 vaccination programme and demand for vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Altogether, 812 undocumented migrants participated (54.3% Geneva, 17.5% Baltimore, 15.5% Milano and 12.7% Paris). Most (60.9%) were women. The median age was 39 years (interquartile range 1). Participants originated from the Americas (55.9%), Africa (12.7%), Western Pacific (11.2%) Eastern Mediterranean (7.9%), Europe (7.6%) and South-East Asia (4.7%). Overall, 14.1% and 26.2% of participants, respectively, reported prior COVID-19 infection and fear of developing severe COVID-19 infection. Risk factors for severe infection were frequently reported (29.5%). Self-perceived accessibility of COVID-19 vaccination was high (86.4%), yet demand was low (41.1%) correlating with age, comorbidity and views on vaccination which were better for vaccination in general (77.3%) than vaccination against COVID-19 (56.5%). Participants mainly searched for information about vaccination in the traditional and social media.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found a mismatch between perceived accessibility and demand for the COVID-19 vaccination. Public health interventions using different communication modes should build on trust about vaccination in general to tackle undocumented migrants\u2019 hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccination with a specific attention to men, younger migrants and those at low clinical risk of severe infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T13:17:50Z","timestamp":1647523070000},"page":"e056591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among undocumented migrants during the early phase of the vaccination campaign: a multicentric cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kathleen R","family":"Page","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5215-5280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Genovese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan\u2013Bicocca, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan\u2013Bicocca, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvano","family":"Cella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfrancesco","family":"Fiorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zucchi Clinical Institutes, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rim","family":"Tlili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, H\u00f4pital Avicenne, Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Duvoisin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8367-9957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johann","family":"Cailhol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, H\u00f4pital Avicenne, Bobigny, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire Education et Pratiques de Sant\u00e9, Universite Paris 13 Nord, Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5619-333X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yves","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of community health and medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of primary care medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121513271350000_12.3.e056591.1","unstructured":"Passel JS , Cohn D . 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