{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T14:34:40Z","timestamp":1782398080403,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647734400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chembio Diagnostic Systems, Inc","award":["No grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No grant number"]}]},{"name":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS \u2013- Philippines Country Office","award":["No grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No grant number"]}]},{"name":"Global Fund Sustainability of HIV Services for Key Populations in Asia Program","award":["No grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No grant number"]}]},{"name":"World Health Organization - Representative Office for the Philippines","award":["No grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No grant number"]}]},{"name":"Pilipinas Shell Foundation, Inc. (PSFI), World Health Organization","award":["No grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No grant number"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002554","name":"AIDS Healthcare Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No grant number"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study identified barriers and facilitators in implementing HIV self-testing (HIVST), including the perceptions of men-having-sex-with-men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) on HIVST. Furthermore, we explored the current knowledge, practices and potential of HIVST among the MSM and TGW populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Qualitative in-depth key informant interviews were administered using semistructured interviews administered in both English and Filipino. Thematic analysis of the findings was done after transcribing all audio recordings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was done in the National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines using online video conferencing platforms due to mobility restrictions and lockdowns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All study participants were either MSM or TGW, 18\u201349 years old and residing\/working in NCR. Exclusion criteria include biologically born female and\/or currently on pre-exposure prophylaxis, antiretroviral therapy medications or an HIV-positive diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty informants were interviewed, of which 75% were MSM, and most of them preferred the use of HIVST. Facilitators and barriers to the use of HIVST were grouped into three main themes: Acceptability, distribution and monitoring and tracking. Convenience and confidentiality, overcoming fears and normalisation of HIV testing services (HTS) in the country were the participants\u2019 perceived facilitators of HIVST. In contrast, lack of privacy and maintenance of confidentiality during kit delivery were perceived as barriers in HIVST implementation. Moreover, social media was recognised as a powerful tool in promoting HIVST. The use of a welcoming tone and positive language should be taken into consideration due to the prevalent HIV stigma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The identified facilitators and barriers from the study may be considered by the Philippine HTS programme implementers. The HIVST strategy may complement the current HTS. It will be very promising to involve the MSM and TGW communities and other key populations to know their HIV status by bringing testing closer to them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T12:00:30Z","timestamp":1647864030000},"page":"e056697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["\u2018Bringing testing closer to you\u2019: barriers and facilitators in implementing HIV self-testing among Filipino men-having-sex-with-men and transgender women in National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines \u2013 a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5290-8526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanno Lorenz G","family":"Dinglasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LoveYourself Inc, Mandaluyong City, NCR, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9885-5300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Danvic T","family":"Rosadi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LoveYourself Inc, Mandaluyong City, NCR, Philippines"},{"name":"Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines Open University, Laguna, Calabarzon, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronivin G","family":"Pagtakhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LoveYourself Inc, Mandaluyong City, NCR, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9986-8373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis P","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LoveYourself Inc, Mandaluyong City, NCR, Philippines"},{"name":"Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines Open University, Laguna, Calabarzon, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew T","family":"Bri\u00f1es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LoveYourself Inc, Mandaluyong City, NCR, Philippines"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Manila, NCR, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3383-6336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zypher Jude G","family":"Regencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, NCR, Philippines"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine, Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3888-8880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel S","family":"Baja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, NCR, Philippines"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine, Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121600011281000_12.3.e056697.1","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS. . 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