{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:24:56Z","timestamp":1790141096103,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003645","name":"National Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NCC-2110450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCC-2110450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"International Cooperation & Education Program of the National Cancer Centre, Korea","award":["NCCRI\u00b7NCCI 52210-52211, 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCCRI\u00b7NCCI 52210-52211, 2019"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1A2C1A01011584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A2C1A01011584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Uganda, infection-related cancers have made the greatest contribution to cancer burden in the past; however, burden from lifestyle-related cancers has increased recently. Using the Kampala Cancer Registry data, we projected incidence of top five cancers, namely, Kaposi sarcoma (KS), cervical, breast and prostate cancer, and non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma (NHL) in Uganda.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trend analysis of cancer registry data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kampala Cancer Registry, Uganda.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cancer incidence data from 2001 to 2015 were used and projected to 2030. Population data were obtained from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Age-standardised incidence rates (ASRs) and their trends over the observed and projected period were calculated. Percentage change in cancer incidence was calculated to determine whether cancer incidence changes were attributable to cancer risk changes or population changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was projected that the incidence rates of KS and NHL continue to decrease by 22.6% and 37.3%, respectively. The ASR of KS was expected to decline from 29.6 per 100\u2009000 population to 10.4, while ASR of NHL was expected to decrease from 7.6 to 3.2. In contrast, cervical, breast and prostate cancer incidence were projected to increase by 35.3%, 57.7% and 33.4%, respectively. The ASRs of cervical and breast were projected to increase up to 66.1 and 48.4 per 100\u2009000 women. The ASR of prostate cancer was estimated to increase from 41.6 to 60.5 per 100\u2009000 men. These changes were due to changes in risk factors and population growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest a rapid shift in the profile of common cancers in Uganda, reflecting a new trend emerging in low\/middle-income countries. This change in cancer spectrum, from infection-related to lifestyle-related, yields another challenge to cancer control programmes in resource-limited countries. Forthcoming cancer control programmes should include a substantial focus on lifestyle-related cancers, while infectious disease control programmes should be maintained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T12:19:05Z","timestamp":1647433145000},"page":"e056722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Infection-related and lifestyle-related cancer burden in Kampala, Uganda: projection of the future cancer incidence up to 2030"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Judith","family":"Asasira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanghee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi Xuan Mai","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collins","family":"Mpamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Wabinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Youn","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Jung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6281-489X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yikyung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3261-3114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunsoon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031609152414000_12.3.e056722.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32252-9"},{"key":"2022031609152414000_12.3.e056722.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq763"},{"key":"2022031609152414000_12.3.e056722.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33373","article-title":"Trends in the incidence of cancer in Kampala, Uganda, 1991 to 2015","volume":"148","author":"Bukirwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intl Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"2022031609152414000_12.3.e056722.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28661"},{"key":"2022031609152414000_12.3.e056722.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e609","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30143-7","article-title":"Global burden of cancers attributable to infections in 2012: a synthetic analysis","volume":"4","author":"Plummer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2022031609152414000_12.3.e056722.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bray F , Soerjomataram I . 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