{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:23:14Z","timestamp":1791872594949,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006041","name":"Innovate UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["104546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104546"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate and examine the direct healthcare costs of treating people with open venous leg ulcers in the UK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cost-of-illness study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey of nine National Health Service community locales over 2-week periods in 2015\/2016.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the resource use and prevalence of venous leg ulcer treatment in the community. Examination of variation in these obtained costs was performed by ordinary least squares regression. We used additional resource use information from a randomised control trial and extrapolated costs to the UK for an annual period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The average 2-week per person cost of treating patients where a venous leg ulceration was the primary (most severe) wound was estimated at \u00a3166.39 (95% CI \u00a3157.78 to \u00a3175.00) with community staff time making up over half of this amount. Costs were higher where antimicrobial dressings were used and where wound care was delivered in the home. Among those with any recorded venous leg ulcer (primary and non-primary), we derived a point prevalence of 3.2 per 10\u2009000 population and estimated that the annual prevalence could be no greater than 82.4 per 10\u2009000 population. We estimated that the national cost of treating a venous leg ulcer was \u00a3102\u2009million with a per person annual cost at \u00a34787.70.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our point prevalence figures are in line with the literature. However, our annual prevalence estimations and costs are far lower than those reported in recent literature which suggests that the costs of treating venous leg ulcers are lower than previously thought. Movement towards routinely collected and useable community care activity would help provide a transparent and deeper understanding of the scale and cost of wound care in the UK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T11:43:58Z","timestamp":1641469438000},"page":"e056790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Health service costs of treating venous leg ulcers in the UK: evidence from a cross-sectional survey based in the north west of England"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9084-8368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"Urwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Organisation, Policy and Economics (HOPE) group, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo C","family":"Dumville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Research and Innovation Division, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Organisation, Policy and Economics (HOPE) group, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicky","family":"Cullum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Research and Innovation Division, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121411105027000_12.1.e056790.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1586\/14737167.3.5.611","article-title":"Health-Related quality of life with chronic leg ulceration","volume":"3","author":"Franks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes 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population","volume":"22","author":"Hall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"2025121411105027000_12.1.e056790.16","unstructured":"Joint Formulary Committee . British National formulary. Available: http:\/\/www.medicinescomplete.com [Accessed 24 Jun 2020]."},{"key":"2025121411105027000_12.1.e056790.17","unstructured":"Curtis LA , Burns A . Unit costs of health and social care 2019. Kent, UK: PSSRU, 2019."},{"key":"2025121411105027000_12.1.e056790.18","unstructured":"Curtis L . Unit costs of health and social care 2010, personal social services research unit, University of Kent, Canterbury. Available: https:\/\/www.pssru.ac.uk\/project-pages\/unit-costs\/unit-costs-2010\/ [Accessed 30 Mar 2020]."},{"key":"2025121411105027000_12.1.e056790.19","unstructured":"Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network . Management of chronic venous leg ulcers: a national clinical guideline. Edinburgh: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, 2010."},{"key":"2025121411105027000_12.1.e056790.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028727"},{"key":"2025121411105027000_12.1.e056790.21","unstructured":"ONS . Population estimates for the UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, provisional. Available: https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/populationandmigration\/populationestimates\/bulletins\/annualmidyearpopulationestimates\/mid2019 [Accessed 18 May 2020]."},{"key":"2025121411105027000_12.1.e056790.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmv013","article-title":"Can different primary care databases produce comparable estimates of burden of disease: results of a study exploring venous leg ulceration","volume":"32","author":"Petherick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"2025121411105027000_12.1.e056790.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009283"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056790","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T19:11:01Z","timestamp":1765739461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056790"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056790","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}}}