{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T20:15:03Z","timestamp":1785442503951,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650931200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the current Chinese and English guidelines of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children and provide a summary of the recommendations of the guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An electronic search was conducted on databases, including Pubmed, SinoMed, Wangfang Data, CHKD,VIP, NICE, WHO, GIN and Medliveto retrieve data of the clinical practice guidelines on UTI from the establishment of the database to June 2020. Four assessors assessed the quality of guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research &amp; Evaluation II (AGREE II) and evaluated the specific recommendations in guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) Nine guidelines including two from the USA (AAP and A guideline for the inpatient care of children with pyelonephritis) and the remaining from EAU\/ESPU, SINEPE, KHA-CARI, CPS, ISPN, NICE and CMA-CSP were explored. (2) The AGREE II evaluation demonstrated higher scores of UTI guidelines in terms of \u2018scope and purpose\u2019 (72.99%\u00b111.19%) and \u2018clarity of presentation\u2019 (75.62%\u00b17.75%), whereas the average scores were lower in the aspect of \u2018stakeholder involvement\u2019 (35.49%\u00b114.41%), \u2018rigour of development\u2019 (37.05%\u00b110.05%), \u2018applicability\u2019 (37.75%\u00b111.98%) and \u2018editorial independence\u2019 (43.06%\u00b148.14%). The average scores of the guidelines were as follows: SINePe (72.57%), CMA-CSP (62.96%), EAU\/ESPU (59.61%), AAP (56.86%), NICE (47.54%), CPS (40.93%), KHA-CARI (38.86%), ISPN (38.63%) and A guideline for the inpatient care of children with pyelonephritis (34.72%). (3) All the selected guidelines basically reached a consensus on urine sample retention methods in older children, the antibiotic treatment course and renal and bladder ultrasonography application but lacked a conclusion on the determination of urine culture results, the choice of voiding cystourethrography and Tc-99mdimercaptosuccinicacid, and antibiotic prophylaxis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There remains a need to improve the quality of guidelinesfor UTI in clinical practice. Existing controversies on the current guidelines of UTI in some recommendations warrant further exploration to provide more evidence on formulating more unified and practical guidelines in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No ethical approval is required for this research, as it did not include patients or patient data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T08:13:44Z","timestamp":1652775224000},"page":"e057736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical guidelines of UTIs in children: quality appraisal with AGREE II and recommendations analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2627-796X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binhui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 2 of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 2 of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 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