{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T10:20:17Z","timestamp":1765880417763,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nowadays, most rectal tumours are treated open or minimally invasive, using laparoscopic, robot-assisted or transanal total mesorectal excision. However, insight into the total costs of these techniques is limited. Since all three techniques are currently being performed, including cost considerations in the choice of treatment technique may significantly impact future healthcare costs. Therefore, this systematic review aims to provide an overview of evidence regarding costs in patients with rectal cancer following open, laparoscopic, robot-assisted and transanal total mesorectal excision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search will be conducted for papers between January 2000 and March 2022. Databases PubMed\/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases will be searched. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment will be performed independently by four reviewers and discrepancies will be resolved through discussion. The Consensus Health Economic Criteria list will be used for assessing risk of bias. Total costs of the different techniques, consisting of but not limited to, theatre, in-hospital and postoperative costs, will be the primary outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No ethical approval is required, as there is no collection of patient data at an individual level. Findings will be disseminated widely, through peer-reviewed publication and presentation at relevant national and international conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42021261125.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T11:52:01Z","timestamp":1660823521000},"page":"e057803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cost analysis and cost-effectiveness of open versus laparoscopic versus robot-assisted versus transanal total mesorectal excision in patients with rectal cancer: a protocol for a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4707-0319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritchie T J","family":"Geitenbeek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Meander MC, Amersfoort, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thijs A","family":"Burghgraef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Meander MC, Amersfoort, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4497-9399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Broekman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bram P A","family":"Schop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom G F","family":"Lieverse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roel","family":"Hompes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaas","family":"Havenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Postma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther C J","family":"Consten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Meander MC, Amersfoort, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121602120446000_12.8.e057803.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800691019"},{"key":"2025121602120446000_12.8.e057803.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003227","article-title":"Open versus laparoscopic versus robotic versus transanal mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"270","author":"Simillis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2025121602120446000_12.8.e057803.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.11.010","article-title":"Systematic review analysis of robotic and transanal approaches in TME surgery- a systematic review of the current literature in regard to challenges in rectal cancer surgery","volume":"45","author":"Grass","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2025121602120446000_12.8.e057803.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5836562","article-title":"Robotic-assisted versus conventional laparoscopic approach for rectal cancer surgery, first Egyptian academic center experience, RCT","volume":"2018","author":"Debakey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Minim Invasive 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Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) for rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of oncological and perioperative outcomes compared with laparoscopic total mesorectal excision. 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