{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T06:37:27Z","timestamp":1765607847654,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655769600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003030","name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AGAUR Grant Number 2017 \/ SGR 1342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGAUR Grant Number 2017 \/ SGR 1342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is an urgent notifiable disease and its early notification is essential to prevent cases. The objective of the study was to assess the sensitivity of two independent surveillance systems and to estimate the incidence of IMD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used capture\u2013recapture model based on two independent surveillance systems, the statutory disease reporting (SDR) system and the microbiological reporting system (MRS) of the Public Health Agency of Catalonia, between 2011 and 2015. The capture\u2013recapture analysis and 95% CIs were calculated using the Chapman formula. Multivariate vector generalised linear model was performed for adjusted estimation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The variables collected were age, sex, year of report, size of municipality (&lt;10\u2009000\u2009and \u226510\u2009000), clinical form, death, serogroup, country of birth and type of reporting centre (private and public).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sensitivity of the two combined surveillance systems was 88.5% (85.0\u201392.0). SDR had greater sensitivity than the MRS (67.9%; 62.7\u201373.1 vs 64.7%; 59.4\u201370.0). In 2014\u20132015, the sensitivity of both systems was higher (80.6%; 73.2\u201387.9 vs 73.4%; 65.2\u201381.6) than in 2011\u20132013 (59.3%; 52.6\u201366.0 vs 58.3%; 51.6\u201365.1). In private centres, the sensitivity was higher for SDR than for MRS (100%; 100\u2013100 vs 4.8%; \u22124.4\u201313.9). The adjusted estimate of IMD cases was lower than that obtained using the Chapman formula (279; 266\u2013296 vs 313; 295\u2013330). The estimated adjusted incidence of IMD was 0.7\/100 000 persons-year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sensitivity of enhanced surveillance through the combination of two complementary sources was higher than for the sources individually. Factors associated with under-reporting in different systems should be analysed to improve IMD surveillance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T11:25:59Z","timestamp":1655810759000},"page":"e058003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Estimation of the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease using a capture\u2013recapture model based on two independent surveillance systems in Catalonia, Spain"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0842-7220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Ciruela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Catalonia (ASPCAT), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Vilar\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Catalonia (ASPCAT), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mireia","family":"Jan\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Catalonia (ASPCAT), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Soldevila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Catalonia (ASPCAT), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergi","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Catalonia (ASPCAT), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Catalonia (ASPCAT), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121222333472000_12.6.e058003.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae: WHO manual. 2nd ed. Geneve: WHO, 2011."},{"key":"2025121222333472000_12.6.e058003.2","unstructured":"European Center for Disease Prevention and Control . Surveillance atlas on infectious diseases, 2018. Available: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/meningococcal-disease\/surveillance-and-disease-data\/atlas"},{"key":"2025121222333472000_12.6.e058003.3","unstructured":"Centro Nacional de Epidemiolog\u00eda . Enfermedades de declaraci\u00f3n obligatoria. Espa\u00f1a; 2018. https:\/\/www.isciii.es\/QueHacemos\/Servicios\/VigilanciaSaludPublicaRENAVE\/EnfermedadesTransmisibles\/Documents\/INFORMES\/INFORMES RENAVE\/RENAVE_cierre_EDO_2018.pdf"},{"key":"2025121222333472000_12.6.e058003.4","unstructured":"Stephens DS . Neisseria meningitidis. In: Bennet JE , Dolin R , Blaser MJ , eds. Principles and practice of infectious diseases. 9th edn. 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