{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T12:39:49Z","timestamp":1781008789212,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012174","name":"Hunan Office of Philosophy and Social Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18YBA438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18YBA438"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012174","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>China has seen an increasing number of international students in recent years, mostly from Africa and Asia. However, little is known about these students\u2019 HIV knowledge, sexual practices and potential HIV risk. This study aimed to describe HIV-related risk among international students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An online cross-sectional survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>10 universities situated in one province of China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>617 international students filled out the questionnaire and 607 international students were included in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Socio-demographic and programme-related characteristics, HIV-related knowledge, sexual practices and other HIV\/sexually transmitted infection-related variables. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine factors associated with inconsistent condom use among international students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results showed that in total, only 51.6% (313\/607) of international students had adequate HIV-related knowledge, and 64.9% (394\/607) reported not receiving any HIV related education or training while studying in China. Moreover, 32.3% (196\/607) reported having penetrative sex including oral, vaginal and anal sex during the period in which they studied in China and among them. The proportions of inconsistent condom use in vaginal and oral intercourse while studying in China were 52.6% (50\/95) and 79.5% (35\/44), respectively, with casual partners, and 60% (80\/129) and 91.2% (52\/57) with regular partners, respectively. Female gender, being married and having multiple sexual partners were associated with inconsistent condom use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study indicated that international students in one province of China have suboptimal HIV-related knowledge, significant unprotected sex, less HIV testing and less safe sex education, which highlights an urgent need to provide HIV education and related health services to international students in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T13:11:44Z","timestamp":1661778704000},"page":"e058108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["HIV knowledge, sexual practices, condom use and its associated factors among international students in one province of China: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1754-6806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qidi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Shool of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut School of Nursing, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Shool of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Shool of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lloyd","family":"Goldsamt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asem","family":"Alkhatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University Xiangya School of Nursing, Syria, Syrian Arab Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University Xiangya School of Nursing, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4063-4131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121515221700000_12.8.e058108.1","unstructured":"China MOE . 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