{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T23:24:29Z","timestamp":1779924269555,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645401600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C45874\/A27016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C45874\/A27016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the effect of smoke-free prison policy implementation in November 2018 on purchasing patterns in the prison canteen (shop).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interrupted time series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All 12 closed, publicly run prisons in Scotland, UK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People in custody (PiC) between August 2018 and end of March 2019 (n=11 944).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implementation of smoke-free prisons policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total spent on all products, nicotine-related products, and food and beverage products per week.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Canteen data were provided for the period July 2018\u2013September 2019 by the Scottish Prison Service. In a series of generalised linear mixed effects models, the amount spent before and after implementation of smoke-free prison policy was compared for all purchases in the time period, and for PiC identified as \u2018smokers\u2019 and \u2018non-smokers\u2019 from their pre-implementation tobacco purchasing patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The amount spent on nicotine-related products significantly decreased from pre-implementation to post implementation (incident rate ratio (IRR) 0.40; 99% CI 0.33 to 0.51, p&lt;0.001). However, total canteen spend did not change over the study period (IRR 0.92; 99% CI 0.84 to 1.00). Post implementation about 25% of previous \u2018smokers\u2019 total canteen spend was on nicotine-related products. The amount spent by previous \u2018smokers\u2019 on food and beverages increased from \u00a38.67 (99% CI 8.23 to 9.13) pre-implementation to \u00a310.24 in the post implementation period (99% CI 9.58 to 10.90).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the amount of money previous \u2018smokers\u2019 in prison spent on nicotine-related products decreased after smoke-free policy, nicotine products still account for a large proportion of canteen spend among PiC in smoke-free prisons in Scotland. Results indicate that many PiC may continue to use nicotine in smoke-free prisons where e-cigarettes are permitted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T12:32:18Z","timestamp":1645533138000},"page":"e058909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Purchasing of tobacco-related and e-cigarette-related products within prisons before and after implementation of smoke-free prison policy: analysis of prisoner spend data across Scotland, UK"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3652-2498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine Susan","family":"Best","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2307-5916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5873-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cku252"},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031811-124614"},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06202.x"},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.4","unstructured":"Carnie J , Cameron J , Downie D . Prisoner survey 2017. Edinburgh, 2017."},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/109559","article-title":"Predictors of opinions on prison smoking bans: analyses of survey data from Scottish staff and prisoners","volume":"17","author":"Sweeting","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2018-054895"},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.7","unstructured":"Piacentini L , Weaver B , Jardine C . Employment and employability in Scottish prisons: a research briefing paper, Feb 2018. SCCJR, 2018. Available: http:\/\/www.sccjr.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Research_Briefing_Prisons_Employability.pdf"},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.8","unstructured":"NHS Health Scotland . Smoke-free prisons pathway \u2013 a service specification supporting people in our care, 2018. Available: http:\/\/www.healthscotland.scot\/publications\/smoke-free-prisons-pathway-a-service-specification-supporting-people-in-our-care"},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.9","unstructured":"Hunt K , Semple S , Demou E . Evaluating graduated progress towards and impacts of the implementation of indoor smoke free prison facilities in Scotland. Public Heal Res 2021."},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxaa073","article-title":"From smoking-permitted to smokefree prisons: a 3-year evaluation of the changes in occupational exposure to second-hand smoke across a national prison system","volume":"64","author":"Demou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027799"},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2020-055683"},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024552"},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208768","article-title":"An exploration of reported food intake among inmates who gained body weight during incarceration in Canadian federal penitentiaries","volume":"13","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.15","unstructured":"Scottish Government . Scottish prison population: statistics 2019 to 2020. Edinburgh, 2020. https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/publications\/scottish-prison-population-statistics-2019-20\/pages\/1\/"},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa271","article-title":"E-Cigarette use in prisons with recently established Smokefree policies: a qualitative interview study with people in custody in Scotland","volume":"23","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2003.08.008"},{"key":"2025121221071722000_12.2.e058909.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.04.043"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058909","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T05:07:23Z","timestamp":1765602443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058909"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058909"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058909","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}}}