{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T13:21:00Z","timestamp":1794057660312,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been shown to have thiamine deficiency. Dietary supplementation is an economic strategy to control blood glucose.\n                      <jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                      To evaluate effectiveness of thiamine supplementation on glycaemic outcomes in patients with T2DM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Eligibility criteria:<\/jats:italic>\n                      Studies that assessed effect of thiamine supplementation in adults with T2DM which measured glycaemic outcomes\u2014HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and\/or postprandial blood glucose (PPG) were included.\n                      <jats:italic>Information sources:<\/jats:italic>\n                      PUBMED, Tripdatabase, the Cochrane Central Register, National Institute of Health Clinical Database and Google Scholar were searched until December 2021 for RCTs.\n                      <jats:italic>Risk of bias:<\/jats:italic>\n                      It was assessed using standardised critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute for RCTs.\n                      <jats:italic>Synthesis of results:<\/jats:italic>\n                      Where possible, studies were pooled in a meta-analysis. Results were presented in a narrative format if statistical pooling was not possible.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Included studies:<\/jats:italic>\n                      Six trials involving 364 participants.\n                      <jats:italic>Synthesis of results<\/jats:italic>\n                      : No significant beneficial effects were observed on glycaemic outcomes with 100\u2013900\u2009mg\/day of thiamine or benfotiamine for up to 3 months (HbA1c: MD, \u22120.02%, 95%\u2009CI: \u22120.35 to 0.31; FBG: MD,\u22120.20\u2009mmol\/L; 95% CI: \u22120.69 to 0.29; PPG: MD, \u2013 0.20\u2009mmol\/L, 95% CI: \u22122.05 to 1.65 (mean difference, MD)). There was a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (MD, 0.10; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.20) at 3-month follow-up. Benfotiamine reduced triglyceride level (MD, \u22121.10; 95%\u2009CI: \u22121.90 to \u20130.30) in 120\u2009mg\/day dose as compared with placebo 150\u2009mg\/day, however this was not demonstrated in higher doses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Limitations of evidence:<\/jats:italic>\n                      Inclusion of single-centre trials published only in English, small sample sizes of included studies, lack of trials investigating outcomes for same comparisons and varying follow-up periods.\n                      <jats:italic>Interpretation:<\/jats:italic>\n                      Thiamine supplementation does not affect glycaemic outcomes, however reduces triglycerides while increasing HDL. Multicentre well-designed RCT with higher doses of thiamine and a follow-up period of 1\u20132 years will provide better evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42020170520.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T12:50:20Z","timestamp":1661431820000},"page":"e059834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effect of thiamine supplementation on glycaemic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0187-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arti","family":"Muley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, PIMSR, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritin","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing, University of Wollongong Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing, Centre for Research in Nursing and Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasad","family":"Muley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, PIMSR, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121409533680000_12.8.e059834.1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation . 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