{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:01:26Z","timestamp":1792022486181,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_PC_MR\/T037806\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_PC_MR\/T037806\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Co-occurrence of tuberculosis (TB) with other chronic conditions (TB multimorbidity) increases complexity of management and adversely affects health outcomes. We aimed to map the prevalence of the co-occurrence of one or more chronic conditions in people with TB and associated health risks by systematically reviewing previously published systematic reviews.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review of systematic reviews (meta-review).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Papers<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Social Sciences Citation Index, Science Citation Index, Emerging Sources Citation Index and Conference Proceedings Citation Index, and the WHO Global Index Medicus from inception to 23 October 2020, contacted authors and reviewed reference lists. Pairs of independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full texts, extracted data and assessed the included reviews\u2019 quality (AMSTAR2). We included systematic reviews reporting data for people in LMICs with TB multimorbidity and synthesised them narratively. We excluded reviews focused on children or specific subgroups (eg, incarcerated people).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence or risk of TB multimorbidity (primary); any measure of burden of disease (secondary).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From the 7557 search results, 54 were included, representing &gt;6 296 000 people with TB. We found that the most prevalent conditions in people with TB were depression (45.19%, 95% CI: 38.04% to 52.55%, 25 studies, 4903 participants, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =96.28%, high quality), HIV (31.81%, 95% CI: 27.83% to 36.07%, 68 studies, 62 696 participants, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =98%, high quality) and diabetes mellitus (17.7%, 95% CI: 15.1% to 20.0.5%, 48 studies, 48,036 participants, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =98.3%, critically low quality).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified several chronic conditions that co-occur in a significant proportion of people with TB. Although limited by varying quality and gaps in the literature, this first meta-review of TB multimorbidity highlights the magnitude of additional ill health burden due to chronic conditions on people with TB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Prospero registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42020209012.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-060906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T11:46:19Z","timestamp":1664451979000},"page":"e060906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Prevalence and risks of tuberculosis multimorbidity in low-income and middle-income countries: a meta-review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2951-9741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Jarde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Afaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Elsony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health, Epi-Lab, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7616-9596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rumana","family":"Huque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4724-0581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Elsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK"},{"name":"Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1529-7778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamran","family":"Siddiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK"},{"name":"Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Stubbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1794-2152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najma","family":"Siddiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK"},{"name":"Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121219295198000_12.9.e060906.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-15-55"},{"key":"2025121219295198000_12.9.e060906.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp12X636146"},{"key":"2025121219295198000_12.9.e060906.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2017.v107i12.12397","article-title":"Multimorbidity in a large district Hospital: a descriptive cross-sectional study","volume":"107","author":"Roche","year":"2017","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2025121219295198000_12.9.e060906.4","unstructured":"GBD Compare . | IHME viz hub.. 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