{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:05:43Z","timestamp":1788998743446,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659398400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gonorrhoea caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      is the second most notified sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Australia and the case numbers for this STI have been increasing globally. Progressive gonococcal infection may lead to disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI), which causes significant morbidity among patients. This study aims to examine the genetic diversity of\n                      <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates collected in Queensland from January 2010 to August 2015 and to determine factors associated with DGI in Queensland.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective surveillance study for epidemiological purposes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All gonorrhoeae isolates referred by private and public pathology laboratories to the state of Queensland, Australia Neisseria reference laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between January 2010 and August 2015, 3953\n                      <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from both metropolitan and regional Queensland infections were typed with NG-MAST (\n                      <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      multiantigen sequence typing) to assess the genetic diversity between strains. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to investigate strain-related factors associated with DGI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ST6876 was the most common NG-MAST type, detected in 7.6% of the isolates. DGI was significantly more likely in females &lt;30 years (OR 13.02, p&lt;0.0001) and in older males &gt;30 years (OR 6.04, p&lt;0.0001), with most cases originating from North Queensland (OR 8.5, p&lt;0.0001). Strains harbouring PIA class of\n                      <jats:italic>porB<\/jats:italic>\n                      type were associated with DGI (OR 33.23, p&lt;0.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Genotyping techniques, such as NG-MAST and WGS, are proving instrumental in providing an insight into the population structure of\n                      <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and genetic mechanisms of pathogenesis, such as for DGI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T11:38:49Z","timestamp":1659440329000},"page":"e061040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Molecular characterisation of\n                    <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n                    associated with disseminated gonococcal infections in Queensland, Australia: a retrospective surveillance study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-4781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine J D","family":"Guglielmino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumeet","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen L","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian National University Research School of Population Health, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Buckely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Pathology Queensland Central Laboratory, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella","family":"Trembizki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"Whiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Pathology Queensland Central Laboratory, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5599-7480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy V","family":"Jennison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319204"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051893"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.5586"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051119","article-title":"Changing patterns of disseminated gonococcal infection in France: cross-sectional data 2009\u20132011","volume":"9","author":"Belkacem","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318244eda9"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-005-0057-3","article-title":"Disseminated gonococcal infection during pregnancy","volume":"273","author":"Phupong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-6-917"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20012022"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00128-13"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/132.2.204"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.2.339"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.5.941"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117159"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.3.281"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02520.x"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249200300408"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01501-06"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.18","unstructured":"National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System . Australian government department of health. Available: http:\/\/www9.health.gov.au\/cda\/source\/cda-index.cfm. [Accessed 16 July 2019]."},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/383047"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.9.2963-2971.1991","article-title":"Topology of outer membrane porins in pathogenic Neisseria spp","volume":"59","author":"van der Ley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-595"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa002","article-title":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae population genomics: Use of the gonococcal core genome to improve surveillance of antimicrobial resistance","volume":"222","author":"Harrison","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3140"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0288","article-title":"Characteristics and Impact of Disseminated Gonococcal Infection in the \"Top End\" of Australia","volume":"101","author":"Birrell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2025121422410142000_12.8.e061040.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw290"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T06:41:11Z","timestamp":1765780871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061040","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}}}