{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T20:27:01Z","timestamp":1783542421545,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>As the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent global healthcare crisis continue, people with disabilities may face greater health risks than their non-disabled peers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the severity and mortality of COVID-19 among people with different types of disabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title><jats:p>We will search PubMed, HINARI, ScienceDirect, PEDro and Cochrane Library databases. Grey literature search will also be conducted on MedRxiv and Google Scholar. Searches will be without date restrictions. Cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies assessing the severity and mortality of COVID-19 among people with disabilities will be included. Only full-text studies in the English language will be included. The outcomes of interest include the risk of COVID-19 infection, rate of hospitalisation, severity, hospital stay, mortality and others variables where data are available. Two reviewers will extract data and perform risk of bias assessment independently. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will be used to assess risk of bias. Review Manager V.5.4 and Stata V.16.0 software will be used for statistical analysis. Heterogeneity will be analysed using I\u00b2 statistics. Pooled OR with 95%\u2009CI will be used to calculate the pooled results for outcome variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ethical approval and informed consent are not required as this is a systematic review of existing publications. The final results will be published in a peer reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title><jats:p>CRD42022306361.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T15:43:55Z","timestamp":1655221435000},"page":"e061438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Severity and mortality of COVID-19 among people with disabilities: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9171-3211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abubeker Alebachew","family":"Seid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0499-4690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abay","family":"Woday Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6556-805X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aragaw Asfaw","family":"Hasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.1","unstructured":"Johns Hopkins University . Coronavirus resource center, 2020. Available: https:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu\/ [Accessed 14 Jan 2022]."},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turk MA , Landes SD , Formica MK , et al . Intellectual and developmental disability and COVID-19 case-fatality trends: TriNetX analysis. Disabil Health J 2020;13:100942.doi:10.1016\/j.dhjo.2020.100942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2020.100942"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2020.100969"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.4","article-title":"Disability and COVID-19: ensuring no one is left behind","volume":"79","author":"Cieza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.5","unstructured":"WHO . The International classification of functioning disability and health (ICF). WHO, 2001."},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2020.1779396","article-title":"People with disabilities in COVID-19: fixing our priorities","volume":"20","author":"Sabatello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Bioeth"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1513_20","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on people living with visual disability","volume":"68","author":"Senjam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-020-00586-4"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238215"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000026573"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241541"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.588013","article-title":"Chronic diseases as a predictor for severity and mortality of COVID-19: a systematic review with cumulative meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geng M-J , Li-Ping Wang XR . Risk factors for developing severe COVID-19 in China: an analysis of disease surveillance data. Infect Dis Poverty 2021;10.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-021-00820-9"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.14","unstructured":"Jui-Ping Tsai YWL . A systematic review and meta-analysis of morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 among patients with sleep disorders 2021."},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113856","article-title":"A meta-analysis: the mortality and severity of COVID-19 among patients with mental disorders","volume":"299","author":"Toubasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05756-4","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Khoshnood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14107"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.18","unstructured":"World Health Organization and The World bank . World report on disability, 2011."},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.20","unstructured":"Peterson J , Welch V , Losos MTP . The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 2011."},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039771"},{"key":"2022061408402187000_12.6.e061438.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7129.469"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061438","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T15:44:09Z","timestamp":1655221449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061438","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}}}