{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T18:55:36Z","timestamp":1792695336062,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001262","name":"Baily Thomas Charitable Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001262","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MC_PC_17217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_PC_17217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate mortality rates and associated factors, and avoidable mortality in children\/young people with intellectual disabilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort; individual record-linked data between Scotland\u2019s 2011 Census and 9.5 years of National Records for Scotland death certification data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>General community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children and young people with intellectual disabilities living in Scotland aged 5\u201324 years, and an age-matched comparison group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deaths up to 2020: age of death, age-standardised mortality ratios (age-SMRs); causes of death including cause-specific age-SMRs\/sex-SMRs; and avoidable deaths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Death occurred in 260\/7247 (3.6%) children\/young people with intellectual disabilities (crude mortality rate=388\/100 000 person-years) and 528\/156 439 (0.3%) children\/young people without intellectual disabilities (crude mortality rate=36\/100 000 person-years). SMRs for children\/young people with versus those without intellectual disabilities were 10.7 for all causes (95% CI 9.47 to 12.1), 5.17 for avoidable death (95% CI 4.19 to 6.37), 2.3 for preventable death (95% CI 1.6 to 3.2) and 16.1 for treatable death (95% CI 12.5 to 20.8). SMRs were highest for children (27.4, 95% CI 20.6 to 36.3) aged 5\u20139 years, and lowest for young people (6.6, 95% CI 5.1 to 8.6) aged 20\u201324 years. SMRs were higher in more affluent neighbourhoods. Crude mortality incidences were higher for the children\/young people with intellectual disabilities for most International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision chapters. The most common underlying avoidable causes of mortality for children\/young people with intellectual disabilities were epilepsy, aspiration\/reflux\/choking and respiratory infection, and for children\/young people without intellectual disabilities were suicide, accidental drug-related deaths and car accidents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with intellectual disabilities had significantly higher rates of all-cause, avoidable, treatable and preventable mortality than their peers. The largest differences were for treatable mortality, particularly at ages 5\u20139 years. Interventions to improve healthcare to reduce treatable mortality should be a priority for children\/young people with intellectual disabilities. Examples include improved epilepsy management and risk assessments, and coordinated multidisciplinary actions to reduce aspiration\/reflux\/choking and respiratory infection. This is necessary across all neighbourhoods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T13:18:05Z","timestamp":1663334285000},"page":"e061636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Rates, causes and predictors of all-cause and avoidable mortality in 163 686 children and young people with and without intellectual disabilities: a record linkage national cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9498-8045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Anne","family":"Hughes-McCormack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing, Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, 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