{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T13:40:34Z","timestamp":1765892434410,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013629","name":"Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013629","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Marker Diagnostics Ltd","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concussion is a complex pathophysiological process with a wide range of non-specific signs and symptoms. There are currently no objective diagnostic tests to identify concussion, and diagnosis relies solely on history and examination. Recent research has identified a unique panel of microRNAs (miRNAs) that distinguish between concussed and non-concussed rugby players. This study aims to assess the diagnostic utility of salivary miRNAs in concussion for a sample of UK National Health Service patients and whether well-established sports-related concussion (SRC) assessment tools may be translated into the emergency department (ED).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concussion in Non-athletes: Assessment of Cognition and Symptomatology is a single-centre, prospective, two-phase cohort study. The concussed cohort will consist of participants with maxillofacial trauma and concurrent concussion. The control cohort will consist of participants with isolated limb trauma and no evidence of concussion. Participants will be recruited in the ED and saliva samples will be taken to identify the presence of miRNAs. The SRC assessments being investigated include the Sports Concussion Assessment Test, Fifth Edition (SCAT5), the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) and the ImPACT Quick. Follow-up will be at 24\u201348\u2009hours in-hospital and remotely via telephone and email at 14 days and 6 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval was granted in February 2021 by the West Midlands Coventry &amp; Warwickshire Research Ethics Committee (ref 20\/WM\/0299). The investigators intend to submit their study findings for publication in peer-reviewed journals and to disseminate study findings via presentation at academic meetings. The results will also form part of a doctorate thesis, registered at the University of Birmingham.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T14:06:44Z","timestamp":1663769204000},"page":"e062030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Concussion in Non-athletes: Assessment of Cognition and Symptomatology (CONTACTS) study protocol \u2013 an exploratory cohort study investigating the utility of sports concussion assessment tools and salivary microRNAs to diagnose concussion in NHS patients"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2142-1923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Toman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamal M","family":"Yakoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR SRMRC, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"NIHR SRMRC, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2243-2325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David N","family":"Naumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"Department of General Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Welbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Di Pietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Belli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"NIHR SRMRC, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025121605342495000_12.9.e062030.1","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025121605342495000_12.9.e062030.2","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199309000-00010"},{"unstructured":"National Clinical Guideline Center . National Institute for health and clinical excellence: guidance. Head injury: triage, assessment, investigation and early management of head injury in children, young people and adults. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014.","key":"2025121605342495000_12.9.e062030.3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025121605342495000_12.9.e062030.4","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2010.498006"},{"key":"2025121605342495000_12.9.e062030.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000933","article-title":"Cost of traumatic brain injury in New Zealand: evidence from a population-based study","volume":"83","author":"Te Ao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025121605342495000_12.9.e062030.6","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097506SCAT5"},{"unstructured":"Inc IA . ImPACT applications products San Diego: ImPACT applications Inc, 2018. 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