{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T19:41:32Z","timestamp":1760816492150,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is increasing. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) reduces mortality and further improves the prognosis of patients with HF. However, the effect of different modes of CR delivery on HF remains unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study is to find out the relative efficacy and safety of different modes of CR delivery for individuals with HF using a network meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We will perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials which compare different modes of exercise-based CR delivery for patients with HF. Databases including Embase, Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science will be searched up to May 2022. The primary outcomes will focus on the functional capacity and the health-related quality of life (hr-QOL). Functional capacity will be evaluated by peak oxygen consumption (mL\/kg\/min) and 6 min walking test (metres). The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire, Short Form-36, Psychometric properties of the Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire and EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire will serve as measures of hr-QOL. As secondary outcomes, we will assess hospital admissions (all-cause and cardiac) and all-cause mortality, which required a minimum follow-up of 6 months, as well as adverse events during exercise training. The risk of bias for individual studies will be evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook. The quality of evidence will be assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study does not require ethics approval as it is based on published trials. Results of this systematic review and network meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for future publication.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CRD42021278351.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T12:17:54Z","timestamp":1659615474000},"page":"e062152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and safety of different modes of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation delivery for patients with heart failure: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lingjun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruixuan","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington State, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bohan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"XuHui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaning","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Wangdu County Hospital, Baoding, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaisong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The No.2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Hospital of Yutian County, Tangshan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6938-9315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101812032121000_12.8.e062152.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128"},{"key":"2025101812032121000_12.8.e062152.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2020.10.008","article-title":"Building a heart failure clinic: a practical guide from the heart failure Society of America","volume":"27","author":"Greene","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"2025101812032121000_12.8.e062152.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003331.pub5"},{"key":"2025101812032121000_12.8.e062152.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2006.02.009"},{"key":"2025101812032121000_12.8.e062152.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.123310"},{"key":"2025101812032121000_12.8.e062152.6","article-title":"Home-based versus centre-based cardiac rehabilitation","volume":"6","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025101812032121000_12.8.e062152.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487312447846"},{"key":"2025101812032121000_12.8.e062152.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319832394"},{"key":"2025101812032121000_12.8.e062152.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.5006","article-title":"Effects of a 9-Week hybrid comprehensive Telerehabilitation program on long-term outcomes in patients with heart failure: the telerehabilitation in heart failure patients (TELEREH-HF) randomized clinical trial","volume":"5","author":"Piotrowicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiology"},{"key":"2025101812032121000_12.8.e062152.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.07.041","article-title":"Hospital-based and telemonitoring guided home-based training programs: effects on exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with heart failure (NYHA class III) and cardiac resynchronization therapy. 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