{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T14:32:33Z","timestamp":1776781953030,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018PT32029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018PT32029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paediatric patients with chronic anterior uveitis are more prone to suffer from the chronic course of intraocular inflammation and adverse effects of long-term immunomodulatory therapy, either topical glucocorticosteroids or systemic immunomodulatory agents. The performance of adalimumab has been shown to be fairly favourable in treating refractory non-infectious uveitis, but the detailed indication is still under investigation. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of adalimumab for inflammatory flare prevention in non-infectious paediatric anterior uveitis with peripheral retinal vascular leakage, compared with methotrexate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children weighed \u226530\u2009kg and aged between 4 and 16 years old with active non-infectious anterior uveitis with peripheral retinal vascular leakage on ultra-wildfield fluorescein fundus angiography will be included. They will be treated with a predesigned inflammatory control regimen to reach inflammatory quiescence in 1\u2009month. After that they will be treated with either methotrexate 10 mg once a week or adalimumab once every 2 weeks and regularly followed up for 6 months. The primary endpoint is uveitis flare defined as defined as anterior chamber cell count grading increased from 0 to 1 within the observation period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (Approved protocol V3, dated 27 July 2021. Approval number 25-ZS-3062) and has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Written informed consent will be collected from every patient and their guardians prior to study participation. The results of this trial will be presented at local and international meetings and submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05015335\">NCT05015335<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T14:20:12Z","timestamp":1670422812000},"page":"e062211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy and safety of adalimumab for inflammatory flare prevention in paediatric non-infectious anterior uveitis with peripheral retinal vascular leakage: a study protocol for a single-centre, randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05015335","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0234-6801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hang","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7990-9003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuelun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujing","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junyan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meifen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022120706200678000_12.12.e062211.1","first-page":"839","article-title":"[Clinical features of glucocorticoid eye drops induced ocular hypertension in pediatric and adult uveitic eyes]","volume":"54","author":"Pei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"2022120706200678000_12.12.e062211.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes186"},{"key":"2022120706200678000_12.12.e062211.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509852"},{"key":"2022120706200678000_12.12.e062211.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31339-3"},{"key":"2022120706200678000_12.12.e062211.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.06.006","article-title":"Pediatric uveitis: a comprehensive review","volume":"67","author":"Maleki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022120706200678000_12.12.e062211.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614160"},{"key":"2022120706200678000_12.12.e062211.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212089"},{"key":"2022120706200678000_12.12.e062211.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212767"},{"key":"2022120706200678000_12.12.e062211.9","unstructured":"Experiment: R package for designing and analyzing randomized experiments. 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