{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:11:57Z","timestamp":1793211117823,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665100800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MR\/P021999\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P021999\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["205200\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["205200\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sales of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) and beverages are rising in low-income and middle-income countries. Such foods are often linked with weight gain, obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension\u2014diseases that are on the rise in India. This paper analysed patterns in purchases of processed and UPF by urban Indian households.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Panel data from Kantar \u2014Worldpanel Division, India for 2013 and 2016.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>58\u2009878 urban Indian households.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used K-mean partition clustering and multivariate regression to analyse patterns in processed food (PF) and UPF purchase for urban India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three-quarters of urban Indian households purchased over ten PF groups. Mean per person annual PF purchase was 150\u2009kg. UPF purchase was low at 6.4\u2009kg in 2016 but had grown by 6% since 2013. Cluster analysis identified three patterns of consumption, characterised by low (54% of the households in 2016), medium (36%) and high (10%) PF purchase quantities. High cluster households purchased over three times as much PFs and UPF as the low cluster households. Notably, salt purchases were persistently high across clusters in both years (&gt;3.3\u2009kg), while sweet snack and ready-to-eat food purchases grew consistently in all clusters between 2013 and 2016. A positive and significant association was found between household purchases of UPF and their socioeconomic status as well as ownership of durables, such as refrigerator, colour television and washing machine (all p&lt;0.001). Spatial characteristics including size of town (p&lt;0.05) in which the household is located were also positively associated with the purchase of UPF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest the need for tailored regional and city level interventions to curb the low but growing purchase of UPF. New data on obesity and rise of non-communicable diseases, the results are concerning given the links between lifestyle changes and the speed of urbanisation in Indian cities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T12:13:15Z","timestamp":1665144795000},"page":"e062254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Processed foods purchase profiles in urban India in 2013 and 2016: a cluster and multivariate analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mehroosh","family":"Tak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cherry","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agri-Food Economics and Marketing, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavani","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3769-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Cornelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121411233123000_12.10.e062254.1","unstructured":"ICMR and PHFI . 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