{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T10:04:25Z","timestamp":1772532265631,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of the study was to evaluate recovery of participation in post-COVID-19 patients during the first year after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. The secondary aim was to identify the early determinants associated with recovery of participation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>COVID-19 post-ICU inpatient rehabilitation in the Netherlands, during the first epidemic wave between April and July 2020, with 1-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>COVID-19 ICU survivors \u226518 years of age needing inpatient rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participation in society was assessed by the \u2018Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation\u2019 (USER-P) restrictions scale. Secondary measures of body function impairments (muscle force, pulmonary function, fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory), breathlessness (Medical Research Council (MRC) breathlessness scale), pain (Numerical Rating Scale)), activity limitations (6-minute walking test, Patient reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) 8b), personal factors (coping (Utrecht Proactive Coping Scale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), post-traumatic stress (Global Psychotrauma Screen\u2014Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), cognitive functioning (Checklist for Cognitive Consequences after an ICU-admission)) and social factors were used. Statistical analyses: linear mixed-effects model, with recovery of participation levels as dependent variable. Patient characteristics in domains of body function, activity limitations, personal and social factors were added as independent variables.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study included 67 COVID-19 ICU survivors (mean age 62 years, 78% male). Mean USER-P restrictions scores increased over time; mean participation levels increasing from 62.0, 76.5 to 86.1 at 1, 3 and 12 months, respectively. After 1\u2009year, 50% had not fully resumed work and restrictions were reported in physical exercise (51%), household duties (46%) and leisure activities (29%). Self-reported complaints of breathlessness and fatigue, more perceived limitations in daily life, as well as personal factors (less proactive coping style and anxiety\/depression complaints) were associated with delayed recovery of participation (all p value &lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study supports the view that an integral vision of health is important when looking at the long-term consequence of post-ICU COVID-19. Personal factors such as having a less proactive coping style or mental impairments early on contribute to delayed recovery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T11:07:18Z","timestamp":1667387238000},"page":"e062332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Life after COVID-19: the road from intensive care back to living \u2013 a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7703-2508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina M H","family":"Wiertz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine, Adelante, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bena","family":"Hemmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine, Adelante, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone J S","family":"Sep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine, Adelante, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"van Santen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensice Care, Maastricht Universitair Medisch Centrum+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvette Y","family":"van Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine, Adelante, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2796-729X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sander M J","family":"van Kuijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht Universitair Medisch Centrum+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanine A","family":"Verbunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine, Adelante, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101814030131000_12.11.e062332.1","unstructured":"RIVM . 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