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Estimates on prevalence vary due to differences in study designs, populations, heterogeneity of symptoms and the way symptoms are measured. Common symptoms include fatigue, cognitive impairment and dyspnoea. However, knowledge regarding the nature and risk factors for developing persisting symptoms is still limited. Hence, in this study, we aim to determine the prevalence, severity, risk factors and impact on quality of life of persisting symptoms in the first year following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The LongCOVID-study is both a prospective and retrospective cohort study being conducted in the Netherlands, with a one year follow-up. Participants aged 5 years and above, with self-reported positive or negative tests for SARS-CoV-2 will be included in the study. The primary outcome is the prevalence and severity of persistent symptoms in participants that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared with controls. Symptom severity will be assessed for fatigue (Checklist Individual Strength (CIS subscale fatigue severity)), pain (Rand-36\/SF-36 subscale bodily pain), dyspnoea (Medical Research Council (mMRC)) and cognitive impairment (Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ)). Secondary outcomes include effect of vaccination prior to infection on persistent symptoms, loss of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and risk factors for persisting symptoms following infection with SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Utrecht Medical Ethics Committee (METC) declared in February 2021 that the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (WMO) does not apply to this study (METC protocol number 21-124\/C). Informed consent is required prior to participation in the study. Results of this study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T12:56:17Z","timestamp":1656680177000},"page":"e062439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prevalence and determinants of persistent symptoms after infection with SARS-CoV-2: protocol for an observational cohort study (LongCOVID-study)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6471-1432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth N","family":"Mutubuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"van der Maaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ka Yin","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna D","family":"Tulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sim\u00e9on","family":"de Bruijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lotte","family":"Haverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Knoop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eelco","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert Jan","family":"van Hoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cees C","family":"van den Wijngaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121411225314000_12.7.e062439.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31823-7"},{"key":"2025121411225314000_12.7.e062439.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.640093","article-title":"Two different antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) risks for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies","volume":"12","author":"Ricke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121411225314000_12.7.e062439.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cirulli ET , Schiabor Barrett KM , Riffle S . 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