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In multivariable logistic regression model, allergic conjunctivitis (OR=4.33, 95%\u2009CI (3.01 to 6.23), p&lt;0.001), more than 1\u2009hour per day on outdoor activity (OR=0.69, 95%\u2009CI (0.49 to 0.99), p=0.043), smartphone (OR=2.73, 95%\u2009CI (1.51 to 4.91), p=0.001), tablet (OR=2.09, 95%\u2009CI (1.07 to 4.07), p=0.030) and homework (OR=1.86, 95%\u2009CI (1.22 to 2.83), p=0.004) were independently associated with \u2018definite DED\u2019, while allergic conjunctivitis (OR=5.58, 95%\u2009CI (4.12 to 7.55), p&lt;0.001), more than 1\u2009hour per day on outdoor activity (OR=0.72, 95%\u2009CI (0.53 to 0.97), p=0.028), smartphone (OR=2.60, 95%\u2009CI (1.55 to 4.35), p&lt;0.001), tablet (OR=1.84, 95%\u2009CI (1.02 to 3.34), p=0.044) and homework (OR=2.57, 95%\u2009CI (1.84 to 3.60), p&lt;0.001) were independently associated with \u2018symptomatic DED\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using smartphones or tablets for an average of more than 1\u2009hour per day through the course of a year is independently associated with paediatric DED.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T11:19:30Z","timestamp":1669807170000},"page":"e062850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Association of different digital media experiences with paediatric dry eye in China: a population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Junxin","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 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