{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T10:18:01Z","timestamp":1770286681187,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012173","name":"China-Japan Friendship Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018-HX-53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-HX-53"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012173","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many causes lead to sympathetic-vagus imbalance, which promotes the development of hypertension and accelerates the process of target organ damage. Many studies have shown that exercise training and heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback can improve diseases caused by autonomic nerve dysfunction, such as hypertension. Based on these theories and the Yin-Yang balance theory of traditional Chinese medicine and Cannon\u2019s homeostasis theory, we have developed an assessment system of autonomic nerve regulation system and a harmony instrument. In this study, we aimed to find a new way to control blood pressure of hypertensive patients via cardiopulmonary resonance indices-based respiratory feedback training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a prospective, randomised, parallel-controlled clinical trial, which aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of biofeedback therapy and exercise rehabilitation combined intervention in hypertension management. 176 healthy individuals will be recruited to get their autonomic nerve function parameters as normal control, while 352 hypertensive patients will be enrolled and randomly divided into a conventional treatment group and an experiment group in a ratio of 1:1. All patients will continue to receive standard hypertension blood pressure treatment, except that patients in the experiment group will have to complete additional daily respiratory training for 6 months. The primary outcome is the difference of clinical systolic blood pressure (SBP) between the two groups after 6 months of intervention. The secondary outcomes include the changes in the mean SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, home SBP, clinical and home DBP, clinical and home heart rate, the standard-reaching rate of clinic and home SBP and the incidence of composite endpoint events at 6 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has been approved by the clinical research ethics committee of China-Japan Friendship Hospital (No. 2018-132\u2009K98-2), the results of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications or conference presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800019457, registered on 12 August 2018.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T12:41:37Z","timestamp":1686141697000},"page":"e063434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Monitoring of the regulatory ability and regulatory state of the autonomic nervous system and its application to the management of hypertensive patients: a study protocol for randomised controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1809-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaoyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengru","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongliang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianlun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121223144810000_13.6.e063434.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e641","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30217-1","article-title":"Age-Specific association between blood pressure and vascular and non-vascular chronic diseases in 0\u00b75 million adults in China: a prospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Lacey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2025121223144810000_13.6.e063434.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2010.04.079"},{"key":"2025121223144810000_13.6.e063434.3","unstructured":"Jurek MK , Seavey H , Guidry M . n.d. 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