{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:41:14Z","timestamp":1781628074863,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eliminating mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is central to WHO\u2019s target of reducing hepatitis B infection in children to &lt;0.1% by 2030. While Nigeria accounts for 8.3% of the global burden, interventional studies on prevention of MTCT of HBV are hardly available. This study aimed to assess the impact of prevention of MTCT interventions on vertical transmission of HBV among pregnant women in Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A University Teaching Hospitals Complex in Nigeria between 2015 and 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>10\u2009866 pregnant women and their pre-existing children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eligible pregnant women were screened for HBsAg using chromatographic immunoassay (Micropoint, USA). HbsAg-positive women had HBV serological assay done and their pre-existing children were screened. Women with HBV DNA \u22652\u200900\u2009000\u2009IU\/mL and those positive for hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) had 300\u2009mg\/day of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) in the third trimester. The newborns had hepatitis B vaccine\n                      <jats:strike>s<\/jats:strike>\n                      and HB immunoglobulin (HBIG) administered, followed by testing for HBsAg at 9\u2009months postnatally.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection in pregnancy, and the incidence of MTCT of HBV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 395\u2009women had chronic HBV infection, giving a prevalence of 3.64%. Their mean age was 31.51\u00b15.71 years, with a median parity of 1.2. Thirteen women (5.2%) were positive for HBeAg, seven (3.1%) of the 225 pre-existing hepatitis B-exposed children were HbsAg positive and 17\u2009women had prenatal TDF. Overall, 376\u2009women completed the study, with mean birth weight of 3.21\u00b11.86\u2009kg and perinatal mortality rate of 29.2\/1000 births. Hepatitis Bvaccine-HBIG combination was administered to 260 newborns, while the others had hepatitis B vaccine alone. All the children tested negative to the HbsAg at 9\u2009months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eliminating MTCT of HBV infection through validated protocols in low and middle income countries with the highest burden of chronic HBV infections is feasible. National scale-up of such protocols is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T07:02:19Z","timestamp":1667977339000},"page":"e063482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prospective cohort study of prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B infection and 9 months follow-up of hepatitis B-exposed infants at Ile-Ife, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Dennis","family":"Ndububa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwafemi","family":"Kuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7006-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibraheem","family":"Awowole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"},{"name":"Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olusegun","family":"Adekanle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwasegun","family":"Ijarotimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olufemiwa","family":"Makinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adebanjo","family":"Adeyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chineme","family":"Anyabolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Macellina","family":"Ijadunola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Interim guidance for country validation of viral hepatitis elimination. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021."},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.2","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Regional action plan for viral hepatitis in the Western Pacific 2016\u20132020. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2016."},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Global hepatitis report, 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2017."},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.4","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control . Global viral hepatitis: millions of people are affected, 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis\/global\/index.htm"},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.5","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria . National guidelines for the prevention, treatment and care of viral hepatitis in Nigeria. FMOH; Abuja: Nigeria, 2016."},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.6","unstructured":"National Population Commission (NPC) [Nigeria] and ICF . Nigeria DHS key findings. Abuja, Nigeria and Rockville, Maryland, USA: National Population Commission, 2019."},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.7","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016-2021: towards ending viral hepatitis. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2016."},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.8","first-page":"155","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women in Makurdi, Nigeria","volume":"11","author":"Mbaawuaga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Afri J Biomed Res"},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v13i4.39","article-title":"Hepatitis B surface antigenemia (HBsAg) among pregnant women in southern Nigeria","volume":"13","author":"Utoo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.10","article-title":"Serologic pattern of hepatitis B infection among exposed and non-exposed babies in a PMTCT program in low resource setting: does every exposed newborn require 200IU of hepatitis B immunoglobulin?","volume":"4","author":"Onakewhor","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vaccines Vaccin"},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13795"},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28302"},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.03.018"},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30204-3"},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13294","article-title":"Normative references and clinical correlates of fetal umbilical artery Doppler indices in southwestern Nigeria","volume":"151","author":"Awowole","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.4103\/TJOG.TJOG_65_17","article-title":"Audit of stillbirths in a Nigerian teaching hospital","volume":"34","author":"Kuti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.17","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: guidelines on antiviral prophylaxis in pregnancy. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2020."},{"key":"2025121510442313000_12.11.e063482.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.10.007","article-title":"Management algorithm for interrupting mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus","volume":"17","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063482","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T18:44:29Z","timestamp":1765824269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063482"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063482","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}}}