{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:24:26Z","timestamp":1771460666328,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determine the prevalence, functional and structural alterations of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary hospital associated with specialised center in ophthalmologic images in Bogota, Colombia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>150 patients, for a sample of 300 eyes, 64\u2009women (42.7%) and 84 men (57.3%) between 40 and 91 years old with a mean age of 66.8 (\u00b112.1) years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual acuity, biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure, indirect gonioscopy and direct ophthalmoscopy. Patients classified as glaucoma suspects underwent automated perimetry (AP) and optical coherence tomography of the optic nerve<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcomes are the determination of prevalence of glaucoma suspects and POAG in patients with OSA. Secondary outcomes are the description of functional and structural alterations in computerised exams of patients with OSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of glaucoma suspect was 12.6%, and for POAG was 17.3%. No alterations in the appearance of the optic nerve was seen in 74.6%, focal or diffuse thinning of the neuroretinal rim (16.6%) was the most frequently finding, followed by asymmetry of the disc&gt;0.2\u2009mm (8.6%) (p=0.005). In the AP, 41% showed arcuate, nasal step and paracentral focal defects. The mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) was normal (&gt;80\u2009\u00b5M) in 74% of the mild OSA group, 93.8% of the moderate group and 17.1% of the severe group. Similarly, normal (P5-90) ganglion cell complex (GCC) in 60%, 68% and 75%, respectively. Abnormal results in the mean RNFL was seen in 25.9%, 6.3% and 23.4% of the mild, moderate and severe groups, respectively. In the GCC, 39.7%, 33.3% and 25% of the patients in the aforementioned groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was possible to determine the relationship between structural changes in the optic nerve and the severity of OSA. No relationship with any of the other studied variables was identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T10:01:33Z","timestamp":1677060093000},"page":"e063506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Primary open-angle glaucoma in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea in a Colombian population: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2390-9607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Alejandra","family":"Cerquera Jaramillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Department, Hospital Militar Central, Bogota, Colombia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogota, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara Edith","family":"Moreno Mazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Department, Hospital Militar Central, Bogota, Colombia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogota, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanneth Eloyne","family":"Toquica Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Department, Hospital Militar Central, Bogota, Colombia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogota, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.1","unstructured":"Cioffi G , Durcan F , Girkin C , et al . Basic and clinical science course: glaucoma. Foundation of the American Academy of Ophthalmology 2016:21\u20135."},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3109\/13816810.2011.575430","article-title":"Lack of association between loxl1 gene polymorphisms and primary open angle glaucoma in the saudi arabian population","volume":"33","author":"Abu-Amero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Genet"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.3","unstructured":"Gu\u00edas de Pr\u00e1ctica Cl\u00ednica sobre Glaucoma de \u00c1ngulo Abierto (2017) . In: Gu\u00edas de Pr\u00e1ctica Cl\u00ednica en el SNS, Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. n.d.: 1\u201310. Available: http:\/\/www.guiasalud.es\/GPC\/GPC_568_Glaucoma_AQUAS_compl.pdf"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.01.006"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2010.07.003","article-title":"Primary open angle glaucoma and snoring: prevalence of OSAS","volume":"127","author":"Blumen Ohana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.6","first-page":"522","article-title":"Ophthalmic diseases in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"116","author":"Skorin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000357","article-title":"Meta-analysis of association of obstructive sleep apnea with glaucoma","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2012.02768.x"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-016-1358-4","article-title":"The association between ophthalmologic diseases and obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Huon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000322","article-title":"Eye disorders associated with obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"22","author":"West","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-3919-7","article-title":"Effect of prolonged supine position on the intraocular pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"256","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2017.05.003","article-title":"Diseases of the retina and the optic nerve associated with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"38","author":"Mentek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e413","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000349","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness: a meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.14","unstructured":"European Glaucoma Society . Terminolog\u00eda y pautas para el glaucoma. In: Sociedad Europea de Glaucoma Disponible. 2014: 79\u201381. Available: www.eugs.org"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-014-0978-9","article-title":"Changes of visual field and optic nerve fiber layer in patients with OSAS","volume":"19","author":"Xin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13066","article-title":"On the rise and fall of the apnea-hypopnea index: a historical review and critical appraisal","volume":"29","author":"Pevernagie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.17","first-page":"198","article-title":"Prevalence of glaucoma in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"9","author":"Bagabas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2018.01.021","article-title":"Prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma among patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"126","author":"Friedlander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001296","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea in patients with primary-open angle glaucoma: no role for a screening program","volume":"28","author":"Wozniak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.20","first-page":"297","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea\/hypopnea syndrome increases glaucoma risk: evidence from a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115625","article-title":"Association between glaucoma and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.07.004"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ijg.0000243472.51461.24"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2011.22087","article-title":"Pulsatile ocular blood flow in subjects with sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Nowak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcdt.2015.12.003","article-title":"Co-Existence of obstructive sleep apnea and primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"65","author":"Shalaby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229856","article-title":"Continuous intraocular pressure monitoring in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome using a contact lens sensor","volume":"15","author":"Carnero","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701785","article-title":"Moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea patients is associated with a higher incidence of visual field defect","volume":"20","author":"Tsang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.28","unstructured":"Uslu H , Sarac S , Kanra A . Structural assement of the optic nerve in patients with obstructive sleep apena syndrome: case-control study. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020:1\u20138."},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1544-1"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1368260","article-title":"Do optic nerve head and visual field parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome differ from those in control individuals?","volume":"231","author":"Salzgeber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000837","article-title":"Is obstructive sleep apnea associated with progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy?","volume":"27","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stamper R , Lieberman M , Drake M , et al . Diagnosis and therapy of the glaucomas. 8th ed. Mosby Elseiver, 2009: 109\u201387.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-02394-8.00010-3"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1159\/000444301","article-title":"Changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in obstructive sleep apnea\/hypopnea syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004499","article-title":"Decreased retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0430-2","article-title":"Correlation between structural progression in glaucoma and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"33","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2017.279","article-title":"Peripapillary retina nerve fiber layer thickness and macular ganglion cell layer thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Kara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"2025120520085146000_13.2.e063506.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.galenos.2018.88614","article-title":"Investigation of the presence of glaucoma in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome using and not using continuous positive airway pressure treatment","volume":"49","author":"Abdullayev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063506","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T04:09:08Z","timestamp":1764994148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063506"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063506"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063506","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}}}