{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:02:59Z","timestamp":1790416979721,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an International Medical Center Research Fund","award":["2020ZD004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZD004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient comfort is an important quality indicator of healthcare. According to Kolcaba\u2019s comfort theory, enhanced comfort is achieved by meeting the needs in four contexts: physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural and environmental. An enhanced patient comfort (EPC) programme based on this theory has been designed for elective neurosurgical patients. This study aims to assess its feasibility, effectiveness and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The EPC programme patients will be evaluated in a single institutional randomised controlled trial. A total of 110 patients admitted for elective neurosurgery (including craniotomy, endoscopic trans-sphenoidal surgery and spine surgery) will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to two groups. Patients in the EPC group are managed under the newly developed EPC programme, which aims to enhance patient experience and includes care coordination since admission (such as appointment of a care support coordinator, personalised setting, and cultural and spiritual support), preoperative management (such as lifestyle intervention, potential psychological and sleep intervention, and prerehabilitation), intraoperative and anaesthetic management (such as nurse coaching, music playing, and pre-emptive warming), postoperative management (such as early extubation, early diet advancement, mood and sleep management, and early ambulation) and optimised discharge planning; while those in the control group receive conventional perioperative care. The primary outcome is patient satisfaction and comfort measured by the Chinese Surgical Inpatient Satisfaction and Comfort Questionnaire. The secondary outcomes include postoperative morbidity and mortality, postoperative pain score, postoperative nausea and vomiting, functional recovery status (Karnofsky performance status and Quality of Recovery-15 score), mental status (anxiety and depression), nutritional status, health-related quality of life, hospital length of stay, reoperation and readmission rates, overall cost and patient experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval to conduct the study has been obtained from Institutional Review Board of Xi\u2019an International Medical Center (No. 202028). The results will be presented at scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chinese clinical trial registry ChiCTR2000039983.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T22:56:03Z","timestamp":1681858563000},"page":"e063534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effectiveness and safety of implementing an enhanced patient comfort programme for elective neurosurgical patients: a randomised controlled trial protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bolin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binrong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7697-9337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiming","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041819551082000_13.4.e063534.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31817f2c1a"},{"key":"2023041819551082000_13.4.e063534.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.4952","article-title":"Enhanced recovery after surgery: a review","volume":"152","author":"Ljungqvist","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"2023041819551082000_13.4.e063534.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1308\/003588414X13824511649571","article-title":"A systematic review of patient reported outcomes and patient experience in enhanced recovery after orthopaedic surgery","volume":"96","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"2023041819551082000_13.4.e063534.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13495","article-title":"Instruments to assess patient comfort during hospitalization: a psychometric review","volume":"74","author":"Lorente","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2023041819551082000_13.4.e063534.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mno.2001.110268"},{"key":"2023041819551082000_13.4.e063534.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00012272-199209000-00003","article-title":"Holistic comfort: operationalizing the construct as a nurse-sensitive outcome","volume":"15","author":"Kolcaba","year":"1992","journal-title":"ANS Adv Nurs Sci"},{"key":"2023041819551082000_13.4.e063534.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wensley C , Botti M , McKillop A , et al . 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