{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:27:48Z","timestamp":1792787268933,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SECEC\/ESSSE 2020 Research Grant","award":["'no award\/grant number'"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["'no award\/grant number'"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effectiveness of rotator cuff tear repair surgery is influenced by multiple patient-related, pathology-centred and technical factors, which is thought to contribute to the reported retear rates between 17% and 94%. Adequate patient selection is thought to be essential in reaching satisfactory results. However, no clear consensus has been reached on which factors are most predictive of successful surgery. A clinical decision tool that encompassed all aspects is still to be made. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms use complex self-learning models that can be used to make patient-specific decision-making tools. The aim of this study is to develop and train an algorithm that can be used as an online available clinical prediction tool, to predict the risk of retear in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study using pooled individual patient data from multiple studies of patients who have undergone rotator cuff repair and were evaluated by advanced imaging for healing at a minimum of 6 months after surgery. This study consists of two parts. Part one: collecting all potential factors that might influence retear risks from retrospective multicentre data, aiming to include more than 1000 patients worldwide. Part two: combining all influencing factors into a model that can clinically be used as a prediction tool using machine learning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For safe multicentre data exchange and analysis, our Machine Learning Consortium adheres to the WHO regulation \u2018Policy on Use and Sharing of Data Collected by WHO in Member States Outside the Context of Public Health Emergencies\u2019. The study results will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Institutional Review Board approval does not apply to the current study protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T09:28:53Z","timestamp":1676021333000},"page":"e063673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Developing a machine learning algorithm to predict probability of retear and functional outcomes in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair surgery: protocol for a retrospective, multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7211-183X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurens J H","family":"Allaart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinique G\u00e9n\u00e9rale Annecy, Annecy, Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes, France"},{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne van","family":"Spanning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Joint Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Lafosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinique G\u00e9n\u00e9rale Annecy, Annecy, Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibault","family":"Lafosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinique G\u00e9n\u00e9rale Annecy, Annecy, Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Ladermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hopital Prive SA, Meyrin, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneve, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George S","family":"Athwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roth McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Center, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent A M","family":"Hendrickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Job N","family":"Doornberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5146-6148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel P J","family":"van den Bekerom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geert Alexander","family":"Buijze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinique G\u00e9n\u00e9rale Annecy, Annecy, Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes, France"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121219414866000_13.2.e063673.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.05.010","article-title":"Risk factors affecting rotator cuff retear after arthroscopic repair: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"2025121219414866000_13.2.e063673.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2016.11.003","article-title":"The biology of rotator cuff healing","volume":"103","author":"Zumstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"2025121219414866000_13.2.e063673.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.01.052","article-title":"Does the use of knotted versus knotless transosseous equivalent rotator cuff repair technique influence the incidence of retears? 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